Seismic hazard mapping and mitigation policy development in the central USA and western China

Seismic hazard mapping and mitigation policy development in the central USA and western China
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美国中部和中国西部地震灾害测绘和减灾政策制定

DOI:
10.1007/s11069-015-2086-y
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发表时间:
2016-03
期刊:
影响因子:
3.7
通讯作者:
Woolery Edward W
Woolery Edward W
中科院分区:
工程技术3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Wang Zhenming;Orton Alice M;Wang Lanmin;Woolery Edward W

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社区需要健全的地震灾害地图来制定政策,如建筑物和其他结构的工程设计,以减少潜在的地震损失。然而,制定科学合理的地震危险性地图是具有挑战性的,因为存在很大的固有不确定性和许多未知数(甚至是纯粹的无知)。对于任何地震危险性绘图来说,这些不确定性都必须量化,并清楚地传达给工程师、政策制定者和公众。虽然概率地震危险性分析(PSHA)已被最广泛使用的方法,地震危险性映射,从PSHA产生的危险图是人工制品和困难,甚至是不可能的,理解,因为PSHA是一个纯粹的计算机模型没有健全的地球科学(物理)的基础,它的数学是完全错误的。PSHA危险图的使用导致了美国中部过于严格的工程设计和缓解政策,以及中国西部不安全的工程设计和其他缓解政策。另一方面,由确定性地震危险性分析(DSHA)或Neo-DSHA得出的危险性图具有明确的物理和统计意义,易于理解。确定性(或情景)危害图已被证明是有效的。因此,确定性灾害地图更适合于美国中部和中国西部以及世界其他地区的工程设计和其他减灾政策考虑。
Communities need sound seismic hazard maps for formulating policies such as engineering design for buildings and other structures to reduce potential earthquake losses. However, developing scientifically sound seismic hazard maps is challenging because there are large inherent uncertainties and many unknowns (or even sheer ignorance). It is critical for any seismic hazard mapping that these uncertainties be quantified and communicated clearly to engineers, policy makers, and the public. Although probabilistic seismic hazard analysis (PSHA) has been the most widely used method for seismic hazard mapping, the hazard maps produced from PSHA are artifacts and difficult, even impossible, to understand because PSHA is a pure computer model without a sound earth science (physics) basis and its mathematics is simply wrong. The use of PSHA hazard maps has led to overly stringent engineering design and mitigation policies in the central USA, and unsafe engineering design and other mitigation policies in western China. On the other hand, the hazard maps derived from deterministic seismic hazard analysis (DSHA) or Neo-DSHA have a clear physical and statistical meaning and are easy to understand. Deterministic (or scenario) hazard maps have been proven to be effective. Thus, deterministic hazard maps are more appropriate for engineering design and other mitigation policy considerations in the central USA and western China, as well as other areas in the world.
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