Approaches for Studying Autophagy in Caenorhabditis elegans.
Approaches for Studying Autophagy in Caenorhabditis elegans.
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DOI：
10.3390/cells6030027
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发表时间：
2017-08-30
期刊：
影响因子：
6
通讯作者：
Legouis R
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Chen Y;Scarcelli V;Legouis R
自噬（Macroautophagy，以下简称自噬）是一种在真核生物中高度保守的细胞内降解过程。通过吞噬细胞质成分进入自噬体进行降解，这一过程涉及细胞内稳态的维持。自噬诱导触发形成杯状双膜结构，即吞噬细胞，其逐渐伸长并包围待去除的材料。这种被称为自噬体的双膜囊泡与溶酶体融合形成自溶体。自噬体的内膜，沿着被吞噬的化合物，被溶酶体酶降解，这使得碳水化合物、氨基酸、核苷酸和脂质能够再循环。在各种因素的作用下，自噬可以被诱导，以非选择性地降解大量的细胞质。自噬还能够选择性地靶向货物和细胞器，如线粒体或过氧化物酶体，作为质量控制系统发挥作用。自噬通量的改变涉及发育过程，如对应激条件的抗性、衰老、细胞死亡和多种病理。因此，使用动物模型对于了解整个生命周期中不同细胞类型背景下的这些过程至关重要。近15年来，线虫秀丽隐杆线虫已经成为分析生理或病理背景下自噬的强大模型。本文综述了秀丽隐杆线虫中涉及自噬的生理过程，用于监测自噬的不同检测方法，它们的缺点，以及用于分析选择性自噬的特定工具。
Macroautophagy (hereafter referred to as autophagy) is an intracellular degradative process, well conserved among eukaryotes. By engulfing cytoplasmic constituents into the autophagosome for degradation, this process is involved in the maintenance of cellular homeostasis. Autophagy induction triggers the formation of a cup-shaped double membrane structure, the phagophore, which progressively elongates and encloses materials to be removed. This double membrane vesicle, which is called an autophagosome, fuses with lysosome and forms the autolysosome. The inner membrane of the autophagosome, along with engulfed compounds, are degraded by lysosomal enzymes, which enables the recycling of carbohydrates, amino acids, nucleotides, and lipids. In response to various factors, autophagy can be induced for non-selective degradation of bulk cytoplasm. Autophagy is also able to selectively target cargoes and organelles such as mitochondria or peroxisome, functioning as a quality control system. The modification of autophagy flux is involved in developmental processes such as resistance to stress conditions, aging, cell death, and multiple pathologies. So, the use of animal models is essential for understanding these processes in the context of different cell types throughout the entire lifespan. For almost 15 years, the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans has emerged as a powerful model to analyze autophagy in physiological or pathological contexts. This review presents a rapid overview of physiological processes involving autophagy in Caenorhabditis elegans, the different assays used to monitor autophagy, their drawbacks, and specific tools for the analyses of selective autophagy.
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