Possible molecular mechanisms linking air pollution and asthma in children.
Possible molecular mechanisms linking air pollution and asthma in children.
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DOI：
10.1186/1471-2466-14-31
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发表时间：
2014-03-01
影响因子：
3.1
通讯作者：
Patria MF
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Esposito S;Tenconi R;Lelii M;Preti V;Nazzari E;Consolo S;Patria MF
空气污染对成年人和儿童的健康都有许多影响，但儿童的脆弱性是独一无二的。这篇综述的目的是讨论空气污染与儿童哮喘之间可能的分子机制，并考虑到他们的遗传和表观遗传特征。空气污染物似乎能够引起呼吸道炎症，增加儿童哮喘的发病率。为了找到预防哮喘恶化的新的临床和治疗策略，需要更好地定义与哮喘儿童的污染引起的呼吸道炎症有关的机制。此外，减少污染引发的氧化应激和随之而来的肺损伤可以降低儿童对空气污染的易感性。这不仅对似乎对氧化应激有遗传易感性的哮喘儿童非常有用，而且对健康人群也是如此。此外，表观遗传学似乎在空气污染导致的肺损伤中发挥了作用。最后，一些流行病学研究表明，暴露在常见空气污染物中对呼吸道感染的易感性和严重性起着作用。空气污染对儿科健康有许多负面影响，并被认为是严重的健康危害。空气污染似乎与哮喘加重和急性呼吸道感染的风险增加有关。然而，还需要进一步的研究，以澄清不同空气污染物的具体作用机制，确定改变呼吸道对污染的反应的基因多态性，并调查新的预防和/或治疗方法对抗氧化酶水平低的受试者的有效性。此外，由于表观遗传变化在细胞分裂过程中是可遗传的，并可能传递给后代，因此澄清表观遗传学在哮喘和健康儿童空气污染与肺部疾病关系中的作用非常重要。
Air pollution has many effects on the health of both adults and children, but children’s vulnerability is unique. The aim of this review is to discuss the possible molecular mechanisms linking air pollution and asthma in children, also taking into account their genetic and epigenetic characteristics. Air pollutants appear able to induce airway inflammation and increase asthma morbidity in children. A better definition of mechanisms related to pollution-induced airway inflammation in asthmatic children is needed in order to find new clinical and therapeutic strategies for preventing the exacerbation of asthma. Moreover, reducing pollution-induced oxidative stress and consequent lung injury could decrease children’s susceptibility to air pollution. This would be extremely useful not only for the asthmatic children who seem to have a genetic susceptibility to oxidative stress, but also for the healthy population. In addition, epigenetics seems to have a role in the lung damage induced by air pollution. Finally, a number of epidemiological studies have demonstrated that exposure to common air pollutants plays a role in the susceptibility to, and severity of respiratory infections. Air pollution has many negative effects on pediatric health and it is recognised as a serious health hazard. There seems to be an association of air pollution with an increased risk of asthma exacerbations and acute respiratory infections. However, further studies are needed in order to clarify the specific mechanism of action of different air pollutants, identify genetic polymorphisms that modify airway responses to pollution, and investigate the effectiveness of new preventive and/or therapeutic approaches for subjects with low antioxidant enzyme levels. Moreover, as that epigenetic changes are inheritable during cell division and may be transmitted to subsequent generations, it is very important to clarify the role of epigenetics in the relationship between air pollution and lung disease in asthmatic and healthy children.
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