Early activation of microglia and astrocytes in mouse models of spinocerebellar ataxia type 1.

Early activation of microglia and astrocytes in mouse models of spinocerebellar ataxia type 1.
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DOI:
10.1016/j.neuroscience.2015.01.003
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发表时间:
2015-03-19
期刊:
影响因子:
3.3
通讯作者:
Opal, P.
Opal, P.
中科院分区:
医学3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Cvetanovic, M.;Ingram, M.;Orr, H.;Opal, P.

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脊髓小脑性共济失调1型(SCA1)是一种无法治愈的、主要遗传的小脑神经退行性疾病,由蛋白ATXN1的多聚谷氨酰胺重复扩增引起。虽然人体解剖材料的分析表明SCA1中存在显著的神经胶质病理,但先前的研究主要集中在表征神经元功能障碍上。在这项研究中,我们利用一系列小鼠模型表征了SCA1中的星形细胞和小胶质细胞反应。我们发现星形胶质细胞和小胶质细胞在SCA1发病过程中很早就被激活,即使突变的ATXN1表达仅限于浦肯野神经元。神经胶质细胞激活发生在没有神经元死亡的情况下,这表明神经胶质细胞激活是由功能失调的神经元发出的信号引起的。最后,在所有不同的模型中,研究了与疾病进展密切相关的神经胶质激活,支持基于神经胶质的生物标志物的发展,以跟踪疾病进展。
Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 1 (SCA1) is an incurable, dominantly inherited neurodegenerative disease of the cerebellum caused by a polyglutamine-repeat expansion in the protein ATXN1. While analysis of human autopsy material indicates significant glial pathology in SCA1, previous research has focused on characterizing neuronal dysfunction. In this study, we characterized astrocytic and microglial response in SCA1 using a comprehensive array of mouse models. We have discovered that astrocytes and microglia are activated very early in SCA1 pathogenesis even when mutant ATXN1 expression was limited to Purkinje neurons. Glial activation occurred in the absence of neuronal death, suggesting that glial activation results from signals emanating from dysfunctional neurons. Finally, in all different models examined glial activation closely correlated with disease progression, supporting the development of glial-based biomarkers to follow disease progression.
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