Conceptual influences on category-based induction.
Conceptual influences on category-based induction.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.cogpsych.2013.02.001
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发表时间：
2013-05
影响因子：
2.6
通讯作者：
Davidson NS
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Gelman SA;Davidson NS
范畴的一个重要功能是允许丰富的归纳推理。先前的研究表明，儿童使用类别标签来指导归纳推理。然而，有一些相互竞争的理论来解释这一现象，它们在概念信息和感知相似性的作用上有所不同。对4- 5岁儿童和成人（N = 344）进行的七个实验通过教授类别隶属度和感知相似性相冲突的类别，以及改变新类别的概念基础来验证这些理论。结果表明，对于概念连贯性较差的非自然类别，儿童的推理是基于感知相似性，而成人的推理是基于类别隶属性。相比之下，对于具有原则概念基础的基本和本体论层面的类别，儿童和成人都更多地利用类别隶属关系而不是感知相似性作为他们推理的基础。这些发现为概念信息在学龄前儿童的推理中所起的作用提供了证据，并进一步证明标记的类别并不都是等同的；它们的感应电位不同。
One important function of categories is to permit rich inductive inferences. Prior work shows that children use category labels to guide their inductive inferences. However, there are competing theories to explain this phenomenon, differing in the roles attributed to conceptual information versus perceptual similarity. Seven experiments with 4- to 5-year-old children and adults (N = 344) test these theories by teaching categories for which category membership and perceptual similarity are in conflict, and varying the conceptual basis of the novel categories. Results indicate that for non-natural kind categories that have little conceptual coherence, children make inferences based on perceptual similarity, whereas adults make inferences based on category membership. In contrast, for basic- and ontological-level categories that have a principled conceptual basis, children and adults alike make use of category membership more than perceptual similarity as the basis of their inferences. These findings provide evidence in favor of the role of conceptual information in preschoolers’ inferences, and further demonstrate that labeled categories are not all equivalent; they differ in their inductive potential.
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影响因子：
3.4
作者：
Gelman, SA;Ebeling, KS
通讯作者：
Ebeling, KS
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作者：
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