On the costs of parallel processing in dual-task performance: The case of lexical processing in word production.

On the costs of parallel processing in dual-task performance: The case of lexical processing in word production.
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关于双任务性能中并行处理的成本:单词生成中的词汇处理案例

DOI:
10.1037/a0039583
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发表时间:
2015
期刊:
Journal of experimental psychology. Human perception and performance
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Jescheniak
Jescheniak
中科院分区:
--
文献类型:
--
作者:
Paucke;Oppermann;Jescheniak

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以往的双任务图片命名研究表明,词汇加工需要容量有限的过程,并防止其他任务并行进行。然而,涉及多个图片处理的研究表明,并行词汇处理是可能的。本研究调查了这种并行处理可能产生的具体成本。我们使用了一种新颖的双任务范式,通过呈现与不同任务相关的2个视觉对象,并操纵任务间的相似性。在相似度较高的情况下,将图片命名任务(T1)与音素判断任务(T2)相结合,从而使词汇加工在任务间共享。与低相似性,图片命名相结合的大小决定T2(非共享的词汇过程)。在实验1中,我们发现,操纵的词汇过程(T1对象名称的词频)表现出添加剂的传播与低任务间的相似性和overadditive的传播与高任务间的相似性。实验2复制了这种差异的词汇效应的前向传播,并表明它消失了较长的刺激发作的pupies。此外,这两个实验都显示了向后串扰,索引为较差的T1性能与高任务间相似性相比,低相似性。总之,这些研究结果表明,任务之间的高相似性的条件下,可以导致并行的词汇处理在两个任务中,然而,这并没有带来好处,而是在额外的性能成本。这些成本可以归因于串扰的基础上产生的并行处理的双任务绑定问题。因此,本研究表明,容量有限的词汇加工可以在双任务并行运行,但代价是非常高的成本。
Previous dual-task picture-naming studies suggest that lexical processes require capacity-limited processes and prevent other tasks to be carried out in parallel. However, studies involving the processing of multiple pictures suggest that parallel lexical processing is possible. The present study investigated the specific costs that may arise when such parallel processing occurs. We used a novel dual-task paradigm by presenting 2 visual objects associated with different tasks and manipulating between-task similarity. With high similarity, a picture-naming task (T1) was combined with a phoneme-decision task (T2), so that lexical processes were shared across tasks. With low similarity, picture-naming was combined with a size-decision T2 (nonshared lexical processes). In Experiment 1, we found that a manipulation of lexical processes (lexical frequency of T1 object name) showed an additive propagation with low between-task similarity and an overadditive propagation with high between-task similarity. Experiment 2 replicated this differential forward propagation of the lexical effect and showed that it disappeared with longer stimulus onset asynchronies. Moreover, both experiments showed backward crosstalk, indexed as worse T1 performance with high between-task similarity compared with low similarity. Together, these findings suggest that conditions of high between-task similarity can lead to parallel lexical processing in both tasks, which, however, does not result in benefits but rather in extra performance costs. These costs can be attributed to crosstalk based on the dual-task binding problem arising from parallel processing. Hence, the present study reveals that capacity-limited lexical processing can run in parallel across dual tasks but only at the expense of extraordinary high costs.
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发表时间: 1987-08-01
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