Fullerenes as photosensitizers in photodynamic therapy: pros and cons.
Fullerenes as photosensitizers in photodynamic therapy: pros and cons.
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DOI：
10.1039/c8pp00195b
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发表时间：
2018-11-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Hamblin MR
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hamblin MR
一类碳纳米材料是被称为富勒烯的封闭笼。1985年发现的第一个成员是C60，被称为“巴克敏斯特富勒烯”，因为它的笼状结构类似于测地线圆顶。由于它们的扩展的π-共轭，它们吸收可见光，具有高的三重态产率，并且可以在照射时产生活性氧物质，这表明富勒烯在光动力学疗法（PDT）中的可能作用。Pristine C60是高度疏水性的，并且易于聚集，需要官能化以提供水溶性和生物相容性。最常见的连接官能团是阴离子（羧酸或磺酸）或阳离子（各种季铵基团）。根据功能化，这些富勒烯可以被设计成被癌细胞吸收，或结合到微生物细胞（革兰氏阳性，革兰氏阴性细菌，真菌）。富勒烯可以用宽范围的波长、UVA、蓝光、绿色或白色光激发。我们已经报道了一系列功能化的富勒烯（C60，C70，C82）与连接的聚阳离子链和额外的捕光天线，可以在体外和局部感染的动物模型中使用。富勒烯作为光敏剂的优点是：（a）多功能化;（B）光捕获天线;（c）经历1、2和3型光化学的能力;（d）电子转移可导致不依赖于氧的光杀伤;（e）抗微生物活性可通过无机盐增强;（f）可自组装成超分子富勒体;（g）治疗诊断纳米颗粒的组分;（h）对光漂白的高抗性。缺点包括：（a）高度疏水且易于聚集;（B）总体短波长吸收;（c）相对高的分子量;（d）矛盾地可以是抗氧化剂;（e）缺乏用于成像的荧光发射。富勒烯可以作为光敏剂用于光动力疗法。优点包括化学和光化学的多功能性，纳米技术的潜力，耐光漂白。缺点包括短波长吸收、明显的聚集体和高分子量。
One class of carbon nanomaterials is the closed cages known as fullerenes. The first member to be discovered in 1985 was C60, called “buckminsterfullerene” as its cage structure resembled a geodesic dome. Due to their extended π-conjugation they absorb visible light, possess a high triplet yield and can generate reactive oxygen species upon illumination, suggesting a possible role of fullerenes in photodynamic therapy (PDT). Pristine C60 is highly hydrophobic and prone to aggregation, necessitating functionalization to provide aqueous solubility and biocompatibility. The most common functional groups attached are anionic (carboxylic or sulfonic acids) or cationic (various quaternary ammonium groups). Depending on the functionalization, these fullerenes can be designed to be taken up into cancer cells, or to bind to microbial cells (Gram-positive, Gram-negative bacteria, fungi). Fullerenes can be excited with a wide range of wavelengths, UVA, blue, green or white light. We have reported a series of functionalized fullerenes (C60, C70, C82) with attached polycationic chains and additional light-harvesting antennae that can be used in vitro and in animal models of localized infections. Advantages of fullerenes as photosensitizers are: (a) versatile functionalization; (b) light-harvesting antennae; (c) ability to undergo Type 1, 2, and 3 photochemistry; (d) electron transfer can lead to oxygen-independent photokilling; (e) antimicrobial activity can be potentiated by inorganic salts; (f) can self-assemble into supramolecular fullerosomes; (g) components of theranostic nanoparticles; (h) high resistance to photobleaching. Disadvantages include: (a) highly hydrophobic and prone to aggregation; (b) overall short wavelength absorption; (c) relatively high molecular weight; (d) paradoxically can be anti-oxidants; (e) lack of fluorescence emission for imaging. Fullerenes can act as photosensitizers for photodynamic therapy. Advantages include chemical and photochemical versatility, nanotechnology potential, resistance to photobleaching. Disadvantages include short wavelength absorption, pronounced aggregate and high molecular weight.
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DOI：
10.3322/caac.20114
发表时间：
2011-07
期刊：
CA: a cancer journal for clinicians
影响因子：
--
作者：
Agostinis P;Berg K;Cengel KA;Foster TH;Girotti AW;Gollnick SO;Hahn SM;Hamblin MR;Juzeniene A;Kessel D;Korbelik M;Moan J;Mroz P;Nowis D;Piette J;Wilson BC;Golab J
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Golab J
影响因子：
4.9
作者：
Alexis F;Pridgen E;Molnar LK;Farokhzad OC
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Farokhzad OC
DOI：
10.1016/j.biocel.2006.05.019
发表时间：
2006-01-01
影响因子：
4
作者：
Alvarez, M. Gabriela;Prucca, Cesar;Rivarola, Viviana
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Rivarola, Viviana
影响因子：
3.2
作者：
DAHL, TA;MIDDEN, WR;HARTMAN, PE
通讯作者：
HARTMAN, PE
影响因子：
3.8
作者：
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Kim, So Yeon