T cell fate mapping and lineage tracing technologies probing clonal aspects underlying the generation of CD8 T cell subsets.
T cell fate mapping and lineage tracing technologies probing clonal aspects underlying the generation of CD8 T cell subsets.
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DOI：
10.1111/sji.12983
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发表时间：
2020-12
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Gerlach C
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Al Khabouri S;Gerlach C
响应急性感染的T细胞通常提供两种保护宿主的关键功能：（1）积极促进病原体消除和（2）提供长寿命的细胞，这些细胞随时准备对重新感染做出快速反应，从而确保对特定病原体的持久保护。大量的工作已经在积极促进病原体消除的T细胞之间以及在静息的、长寿命的抗原经历的T细胞之间建立了惊人的额外多样性。这导致了各种功能不同的T细胞“亚群”的描述。了解这种异质性如何在对相同抗原作出反应的T细胞之间发展是目前一个活跃的研究领域，因为对这种机制的了解可能对疫苗和免疫疗法的开发具有影响。对给定抗原具有特异性的幼稚T细胞的数量范围很大。考虑到这一点，一个机制的角度集中在单个幼稚T细胞如何促进不同T细胞亚群的发育。在这篇综述中，我们强调了当前的技术，使人们能够解决单个幼稚T细胞对不同T细胞亚群的贡献，重点是在急性感染的背景下产生的CD8 T细胞亚群。此外，我们还讨论了新技术的要求，以进一步了解有助于产生持久免疫力的机制。
T cells responding to acute infections generally provide two key functions to protect the host: (1) active contribution to pathogen elimination and (2) providing long‐lived cells that are poised to rapidly respond to renewed infection, thus ensuring long‐lasting protection against the particular pathogen. Extensive work has established an astonishing amount of additional diversity among T cells actively contributing to pathogen elimination, as well as among resting, long‐lived antigen‐experienced T cells. This led to the description of a variety of functionally distinct T cell ‘subsets’. Understanding how this heterogeneity develops among T cells responding to the same antigen is currently an active area of research, since knowledge of such mechanisms may have implications for the development of vaccines and immunotherapy. The number of naïve T cells specific to a given antigen span a great range. Considering this, one mechanistic angle focusses on how individual naïve T cells contribute to the development of the distinct T cell subsets. In this review, we highlight the current technologies that enable one to address the contributions of individual naïve T cells to different T cell subsets, with a focus on CD8 T cell subsets generated in the context of acute infections. Moreover, we discuss the requirements of new technologies to further our understanding of the mechanisms that help generate long‐lasting immunity.
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