Emissions reduction policies and recent trends in Southern California's ambient air quality.
Emissions reduction policies and recent trends in Southern California's ambient air quality.
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DOI：
10.1080/10962247.2014.991856
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发表时间：
2015-03
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Gilliland F
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Lurmann F;Avol E;Gilliland F
为了评估空气监管政策的责任和有效性，我们回顾了20多年来参与儿童健康长期研究的南加州几个社区的监测数据、排放估计和监管政策。1994年至2011年间，几乎所有监测社区的二氧化氮和PM2.5空气质量都有所改善。平均二氧化氮下降28%至53%，PM2.5下降13%至54%。与长期趋势变化相比，低污染地区PM2.5的年际变化较大。在最初污染最严重的社区，PM10和O3的下降幅度最大。高污染社区NO2、PM2.5和PM10年均浓度变化趋势与NOx、ROG、SOx、PM2.5和PM10排放量下降趋势基本一致。在PM2.5浓度较高的米拉洛马观测到的减少量总体上在ROG、NOx、SOx和PM2.5排放减少量的预期范围内。尽管区域机动车活动增加了38%，经济蓬勃发展，人口增加了30%，但在20年的时间里，NOx、ROG、SOx、PM2.5和PM10的估计总排放量分别减少了54%、65%、40%、21%和15%。加州的排放控制策略显著降低了环境中的NO2、O3、PM2.5和PM10。然而，要达到目前基于健康的清洁空气标准，仍需进一步减少。
To assess accountability and effectiveness of air regulatory policies, we reviewed over 20 years of monitoring data, emissions estimates, and regulatory policies across several Southern California communities participating in a long-term study of children’s health. Between 1994 and 2011, air quality improved for NO2 and PM2.5 in virtually all the monitored communities. Average NO2 declined 28% to 53%, and PM2.5 decreased 13% to 54%. Year-to-year PM2.5 variability at lower-pollution sites was large compared to changes in long-term trends. PM10 and O3 decreases were largest in communities that were initially among the most polluted. Trends in annual average NO2, PM2.5, and PM10 concentrations in higher pollution communities were generally consistent with NOx, ROG, SOx, PM2.5, and PM10 emissions decreases. Reductions observed at one of the higher PM2.5 sites, Mira Loma, was generally within the range expected from reductions observed in ROG, NOx, SOx, and PM2.5 emissions. Despite a 38% increase in regional motor vehicle activity, vigorous economic growth, and a 30% population increase, total estimated emissions of NOx, ROG, SOx, PM2.5, and PM10 decreased by 54%, 65%, 40%, 21%, and 15%, respectively, during the 20-year time period. Emission control strategies in California have achieved dramatic reductions in ambient NO2, O3, PM2.5, and PM10. However, additional reductions will still be needed to achieve current health-based clean air standards.
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影响因子：
11.4
作者：
Harley, RA;Marr, LC;Giddings, SN
通讯作者：
Giddings, SN
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11.4
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