Norovirus disease: changing epidemiology and host susceptibility factors.
Norovirus disease: changing epidemiology and host susceptibility factors.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.tim.2004.04.005
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发表时间：
2004-06
影响因子：
15.9
通讯作者：
Estes MK
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hutson AM;Atmar RL;Estes MK
在世界范围内发生的大多数急性病毒性肠胃炎病例是由诺如病毒引起的。人们越来越认识到诺如病毒是暴发和散发疾病的原因，这是由于最近改进了诺如病毒特异性诊断方法。这些病毒在社区中的高流行率、无症状个体的传染性病毒颗粒脱落以及病毒在环境中的高度稳定性促进了这些病毒的传播。目前，临床疾病谱和对宿主易感因素的认识正在发生变化。慢性诺如病毒胃肠炎的病例已在移植受者中观察到，在身体压力下的其他健康成人中也发现了不寻常的临床表现。最近，诺如病毒被发现与肠道表达的碳水化合物结合，导致一个人的基因决定的碳水化合物表达与他们对诺瓦克病毒感染的易感性之间的相关性。更广泛的社区监测和对碳水化合物受体结合特性的进一步研究可以进一步了解诺如病毒的传播、易感性和发病机制，并有助于开发针对这种常见病毒性疾病的疫苗和抗病毒疗法。
Noroviruses cause the majority of acute viral gastroenteritis cases that occur worldwide. The increased recognition of noroviruses as the cause of outbreaks and sporadic disease is due to the recent availability of improved norovirus-specific diagnostics. Transmission of these viruses is facilitated by their high prevalence in the community, shedding of infectious virus particles from asymptomatic individuals and the high stability of the virus in the environment. Currently, the spectrum of clinical disease and the understanding of host susceptibility factors are changing. Cases of chronic norovirus gastroenteritis have been observed in transplant recipients and unusual clinical presentations have been recognized in otherwise healthy adults that are under physical stress. Recently, noroviruses were found to bind to gut-expressed carbohydrates, leading to a correlation between a person's genetically determined carbohydrate expression and their susceptibility to Norwalk virus infection. Greater community surveillance and further investigation of carbohydrate receptor-binding properties could provide further insights into norovirus transmission, susceptibility and pathogenesis, and should aid in developing vaccines and antiviral therapies for this common viral disease.
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