Migration of whooper swans and outbreaks of highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 virus in eastern Asia.
Migration of whooper swans and outbreaks of highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 virus in eastern Asia.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0005729
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发表时间：
2009-05-28
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Douglas DC
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Newman SH;Iverson SA;Takekawa JY;Gilbert M;Prosser DJ;Batbayar N;Natsagdorj T;Douglas DC
评估野生鸟类可能与高致病性H5N1禽流感（以下简称H5N1）的出现有关，需要对野生鸟类迁徙与疾病出现之间的时空关系进行详细分析。野天鹅（Cygnus spp.）的死亡是亚洲和欧洲许多国家存在H5N1的第一个指标；然而，它们在疾病地理传播中的作用仍然知之甚少。2006年秋季，我们在蒙古东北部用GPS发射机标记了10只大天鹅（Cygnus Cygnus），并追踪了它们与H5N1疫情有关的迁徙活动。2003-2007年期间，东亚家禽中H5N1疫情的流行在冬季达到高峰，与此同时，大天鹅向家禽密度高的地区迁徙。然而，全年都发现涉及家禽的疫情，表明疾病的延续与迁徙水鸟的存在无关。相比之下，涉及大天鹅以及在东亚死于该疾病的其他迁徙水鸟的H5N1暴发往往发生在季节（春末和夏季）和栖息地（自然植被区），在这些地方，它们与家禽接触的可能性非常低，甚至不存在。鉴于已知天鹅对H5N1的易感性，并根据大天鹅迁徙运动的年表和速率，我们得出结论，尽管大天鹅分布与东亚H5N1暴发地点之间存在广泛的空间重叠，但这些群体之间直接传播的可能性极低。因此，我们的数据支持这样的假设，即天鹅最好被视为哨兵物种，而且，在东亚，它们的感染最有可能是通过在其繁殖地或附近与无症状的迁徙宿主（例如野鸭）接触而发生的。
Evaluating the potential involvement of wild avifauna in the emergence of highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 (hereafter H5N1) requires detailed analyses of temporal and spatial relationships between wild bird movements and disease emergence. The death of wild swans (Cygnus spp.) has been the first indicator of the presence of H5N1 in various Asian and European countries; however their role in the geographic spread of the disease remains poorly understood. We marked 10 whooper swans (Cygnus cygnus) with GPS transmitters in northeastern Mongolia during autumn 2006 and tracked their migratory movements in relation to H5N1 outbreaks. The prevalence of H5N1 outbreaks among poultry in eastern Asia during 2003–2007 peaked during winter, concurrent with whooper swan movements into regions of high poultry density. However outbreaks involving poultry were detected year round, indicating disease perpetuation independent of migratory waterbird presence. In contrast, H5N1 outbreaks involving whooper swans, as well as other migratory waterbirds that succumbed to the disease in eastern Asia, tended to occur during seasons (late spring and summer) and in habitats (areas of natural vegetation) where their potential for contact with poultry is very low to nonexistent. Given what is known about the susceptibility of swans to H5N1, and on the basis of the chronology and rates of whooper swan migration movements, we conclude that although there is broad spatial overlap between whooper swan distributions and H5N1 outbreak locations in eastern Asia, the likelihood of direct transmission between these groups is extremely low. Thus, our data support the hypothesis that swans are best viewed as sentinel species, and moreover, that in eastern Asia, it is most likely that their infections occurred through contact with asymptomatic migratory hosts (e.g., wild ducks) at or near their breeding grounds.
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