Three-dimensional stratification of bacterial biofilm populations in a moving bed biofilm reactor for nitritation-anammox.
Three-dimensional stratification of bacterial biofilm populations in a moving bed biofilm reactor for nitritation-anammox.
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DOI：
10.3390/ijms15022191
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发表时间：
2014-01-29
影响因子：
5.6
通讯作者：
Hermansson M
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Almstrand R;Persson F;Daims H;Ekenberg M;Christensson M;Wilén BM;Sörensson F;Hermansson M
移动床生物膜反应器（mbbr）在污水处理中越来越多地用于亚硝化-厌氧氨氧化（anammox）工艺的脱氮。载体提供了氨氧化细菌（AOB）和厌氧氨氧化细菌形成复杂生物膜的保护表面。然而，关于MBBR生物膜中微生物群落组织的知识很少。我们使用新的冷冻切片和荧光原位杂交（FISH）成像方法研究了从硝化厌氧氨氧化MBBR载体中提取的生物膜的结构。FISH后载体室的尺寸与生物膜冷冻切片的尺寸呈良好的相关性，表明处理对生物膜样品的干扰很小。FISH结果显示，氧化亚硝化单胞菌(Nitrosomonas europaea) /富营养化相关细胞主导AOB，富营养化候选菌（Candidatus Brocadia fulgida）相关细胞主导厌氧氧化行会。新的载体最初由AOB定殖，然后厌氧氨氧化菌在生物膜层较深处增殖，可能是在AOB活性产生的厌氧微栖息地中。成熟的生物膜表现出明显的三维分层，其中AOB在靠近生物膜-水界面处占主导地位，而厌氧氨氧化在载体空间深处和壁面处占主导地位。我们的研究结果表明，目前的数学模型可能过于简化了这些三维系统，除非考虑这些系统的多维性，否则模型可能导致MBBR载波的次优设计。
Moving bed biofilm reactors (MBBRs) are increasingly used for nitrogen removal with nitritation-anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) processes in wastewater treatment. Carriers provide protected surfaces where ammonia oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and anammox bacteria form complex biofilms. However, the knowledge about the organization of microbial communities in MBBR biofilms is sparse. We used new cryosectioning and imaging methods for fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) to study the structure of biofilms retrieved from carriers in a nitritation-anammox MBBR. The dimensions of the carrier compartments and the biofilm cryosections after FISH showed good correlation, indicating little disturbance of biofilm samples by the treatment. FISH showed that Nitrosomonas europaea/eutropha-related cells dominated the AOB and Candidatus Brocadia fulgida-related cells dominated the anammox guild. New carriers were initially colonized by AOB, followed by anammox bacteria proliferating in the deeper biofilm layers, probably in anaerobic microhabitats created by AOB activity. Mature biofilms showed a pronounced three-dimensional stratification where AOB dominated closer to the biofilm-water interface, whereas anammox were dominant deeper into the carrier space and towards the walls. Our results suggest that current mathematical models may be oversimplifying these three-dimensional systems and unless the multidimensionality of these systems is considered, models may result in suboptimal design of MBBR carriers.
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