Vat, an Amazing Gene Conferring Resistance to Aphids and Viruses They Carry: From Molecular Structure to Field Effects.
Vat, an Amazing Gene Conferring Resistance to Aphids and Viruses They Carry: From Molecular Structure to Field Effects.
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DOI：
10.3389/fpls.2016.01420
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发表时间：
2016
影响因子：
5.6
通讯作者：
Vanlerberghe-Masutti F
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Boissot N;Schoeny A;Vanlerberghe-Masutti F
本文综述了世纪以来，从分子水平到田间水平对黄瓜梅洛抗蚜性的研究。Vat基因在赋予对A.棉蚜及其传播的病毒这种双重表型是蚜虫克隆依赖性的，并已在25个甜瓜品种中观察到，主要来自亚洲。它由一组基因控制，包括CC-NLR，其特征已被详细描述。拷贝数多态性（对于整个基因和LLR区域中突出的结构域）和单核苷酸多态性已在Vat簇中被鉴定。这些多态性在植物/蚜虫相互作用中的作用尚不清楚。Vat基因的结构表明了一种具有独立的识别和反应阶段的功能。在识别阶段，增值税蛋白被认为是相互作用（可能间接）与蚜虫效应器在细胞穿刺过程中引入的蚜虫。几个小时后，几种miRNA在Vat植物中上调。过氧化物酶活性增加，胼胝质和木质素沉积在靠近口针通道的细胞壁中，干扰蚜虫的行为。在以Vat植物为食的蚜虫中，Piwi相互作用的RNA样序列是丰富的，并且其他miRNA的水平被修改。在植物层面，对蚜虫的抗性是定量的（蚜虫逃离植物并表现出低繁殖率）。对病毒的抵抗是定性的和局部的。NLR基因的持久性是高度可变的。A.棉蚜克隆适应Vat抗性，或者通过引入干扰植物防御部署的新效应子，或者通过适应它触发的防御。以非持久性方式传播的病毒不能适应Vat抗性。在种群水平上，Vat降低了蚜虫密度和遗传多样性。还原剂的耐酸碱性。棉蚜种群在很大程度上取决于农业生态系统，特别是包括其他葫芦科作物的存在，这些作物在秋季和冬季可作为适应性克隆的替代宿主。在作物水平上，当A.棉蚜是作物环境中的主要蚜虫媒介。
We review half a century of research on Cucumis melo resistance to Aphis gossypii from molecular to field levels. The Vat gene is unique in conferring resistance to both A. gossypii and the viruses it transmits. This double phenotype is aphid clone-dependent and has been observed in 25 melon accessions, mostly from Asia. It is controlled by a cluster of genes including CC-NLR, which has been characterized in detail. Copy-number polymorphisms (for the whole gene and for a domain that stands out in the LLR region) and single-nucleotide polymorphisms have been identified in the Vat cluster. The role of these polymorphisms in plant/aphid interactions remains unclear. The Vat gene structure suggests a functioning with separate recognition and response phases. During the recognition phase, the VAT protein is thought to interact (likely indirectly) with an aphid effector introduced during cell puncture by the aphid. A few hours later, several miRNAs are upregulated in Vat plants. Peroxidase activity increases, and callose and lignin are deposited in the walls of the cells adjacent to the stylet path, disturbing aphid behavior. In aphids feeding on Vat plants, Piwi-interacting RNA-like sequences are abundant and the levels of other miRNAs are modified. At the plant level, resistance to aphids is quantitative (aphids escape the plant and display low rates of reproduction). Resistance to viruses is qualitative and local. Durability of NLR genes is highly variable. A. gossypii clones are adapted to Vat resistance, either by introducing a new effector that interferes with the deployment of plant defenses, or by adapting to the defenses it triggered. Viruses transmitted in a non-persistent manner cannot adapt to Vat resistance. At population level, Vat reduces aphid density and genetic diversity. The durability of Vat resistance to A. gossypii populations depends strongly on the agro-ecosystem, including, in particular, the presence of other cucurbit crops serving as alternative hosts for adapted clones in fall and winter. At the crop level, Vat resistance decreases the intensity of virus epidemics when A. gossypii is the main aphid vector in the crop environment.
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影响因子：
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