Nonmatching- (oddity) and delayed nonmatching-to-sample performance in aging, alcoholic, and alcoholic Korsakoff individuals
Nonmatching- (oddity) and delayed nonmatching-to-sample performance in aging, alcoholic, and alcoholic Korsakoff individuals
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衰老、酗酒和酗酒科尔萨科夫个体的不匹配（奇怪）和延迟的不匹配样本表现
DOI：
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发表时间：
1989
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Robert T. Bonner
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
M. Oscar;Robert T. Bonner
对 59 名年龄在 35 岁至 71 岁之间的正常和酗酒的研究参与者（其中 13 名患有酒精性科尔萨科夫综合症）进行了视觉处理时间、选择性注意力和记忆力的测量。绩效是在样本不匹配和延迟样本不匹配任务的背景下测量的。这些任务要求参与者识别三刺激阵列中的“奇怪”刺激（即，选择两个未作为中心样本显示出现的横向视觉刺激之一）。样本刺激的复杂性各不相同，包含一个或两个刺激维度（颜色和/或线条倾斜），并且样本刺激的曝光持续时间从 20 到 500 毫秒不等。样本偏移和响应机会之间的间隔也有所不同，从 0 秒到 30 秒。结果表明，对于所有组来说，简单（一维）样本刺激比复合（二维）样本刺激更容易，持续时间长且刺激间延迟短的刺激也是如此。样本暴露的持续时间以及样本和响应选择之间的延迟是最能区分各组的变量。由于样本持续时间短且延迟间隔长，Korsakoff 患者的准确度最差。尽管年龄较大的参与者（无论其饮酒史如何）也受到损害，但酗酒者的年龄组差异被夸大了。结果强调了处理缺陷对于酒精相关病因遗忘以及可能伴随衰老和酗酒的认知能力下降的重要性。
Measures of visual processing time, selective attention, and memory were obtained in 59 normal and alcoholic research participants (including 13 with alcoholic Korsakoff’s syndrome) ranging in age from 35 to 71 years. Performance was measured within the context of nonmatching-to-sample and delayed nonmatching-to-sample tasks. The tasks required the participants to identify the “odd” stimulus in a three-stimulus array (i.e., to choose one of two laterally located visual stimuli that did not appear as a central sample display). The sample stimulus varied in complexity, containing one or two stimulus dimensions (color and/or line tilt), and exposure duration of the sample stimulus varied from 20 to 500 msec. The interval between sample offset and response opportunity also was varied, from 0 to 30 sec. The results indicated that for all groups, simple (unidimensional) sample stimuli were easier than compounds (two dimensions), as were stimuli that were available for long durations and with short interstimulus delays. Duration of the sample’s exposure and the delay between sample and response choice were the variables that best differentiated among the groups. With short sample durations and at long delay intervals, the Korsakoff patients were the least accurate. Although older participants—regardless of their drinking history—also were impaired, the age-group differences were exaggerated in the alcoholics. The results emphasize the importance of processing deficits in amnesia of alcohol-related etiology, and in the cognitive decline that may accompany aging and alcoholism.
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影响因子：
1.9
作者：
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通讯作者：
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影响因子：
1.9
作者：
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影响因子：
1.9
作者：
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DOI：
10.1126/science.6890713
发表时间：
1982
期刊：
Science (New York, N.Y.)
影响因子：
--
作者：
Zola-Morgan,S;Squire,LR;Mishkin,M
通讯作者：
Mishkin,M