Use of adenoviral vectors as veterinary vaccines.
Use of adenoviral vectors as veterinary vaccines.
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将腺病毒载体用作兽医疫苗。
DOI：
10.1038/sj.gt.3302618
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发表时间：
2005-10
期刊：
影响因子：
5.1
通讯作者：
Carrondo MJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ferreira TB;Alves PM;Aunins JG;Carrondo MJ
疫苗是兽医学中最有效和最便宜的预防工具。理想情况下，疫苗应诱导针对目标病原体的终身保护性免疫，同时不会在接种疫苗的动物中引起疾病的临床或病理学体征。然而，这样理想的疫苗在兽医领域并不多见。许多疫苗要么效力有限，要么有有害的副作用。此外，还有一些严重的疾病没有有效的疫苗。在兽医学中，理想疫苗的一个非常重要的标准是低成本;这在发展中国家尤其重要，对于家禽疫苗接种更是如此，疫苗必须以几美分一剂的价格出售。传统的方法包括灭活疫苗、减毒活疫苗和亚单位疫苗。最近，基因工程已被用于设计新的、改进的疫苗。腺病毒载体对于在广泛的细胞类型和物种中的基因转移是高效的。此外，腺病毒通常诱导针对由插入的外源基因编码的抗原的体液、粘膜和细胞免疫应答。因此，腺病毒已成为递送和表达用于疫苗接种的外源蛋白的首选载体。因此，腺病毒疫苗的市场需求正在增加，从而需要具有保证的纯度和功效的浓缩载体的生产方法。本文综述了近年来腺病毒载体在生产和纯化方面的研究进展，包括临床应用中的成功和失败。
Vaccines are the most effective and inexpensive prophylactic tool in veterinary medicine. Ideally, vaccines should induce a lifelong protective immunity against the target pathogen while not causing clinical or pathological signs of diseases in the vaccinated animals. However, such ideal vaccines are rare in the veterinary field. Many vaccines are either of limited effectiveness or have harmful side effects. In addition, there are still severe diseases with no effective vaccines. A very important criterion for an ideal vaccine in veterinary medicine is low cost; this is especially important in developing countries and even more so for poultry vaccination, where vaccines must sell for a few cents a dose. Traditional approaches include inactivated vaccines, attenuated live vaccines and subunit vaccines. Recently, genetic engineering has been applied to design new, improved vaccines. Adenovirus vectors are highly efficient for gene transfer in a broad spectrum of cell types and species. Moreover, adenoviruses often induce humoral, mucosal and cellular immune responses to antigens encoded by the inserted foreign genes. Thus, adenoviruses have become a vector of choice for delivery and expression of foreign proteins for vaccination. Consequently, the market requirements for adenovirus vaccines are increasing, creating a need for production methodologies of concentrated vectors with warranted purity and efficacy. This review summarizes recent developments and approaches of adenovirus production and purification as the application of these vectors, including successes and failures in clinical applications to date.
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