Crassostrea gigas mortality in France: the usual suspect, a herpes virus, may not be the killer in this polymicrobial opportunistic disease.
Crassostrea gigas mortality in France: the usual suspect, a herpes virus, may not be the killer in this polymicrobial opportunistic disease.
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DOI：
10.3389/fmicb.2015.00686
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发表时间：
2015
影响因子：
5.2
通讯作者：
Le Roux F
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Petton B;Bruto M;James A;Labreuche Y;Alunno-Bruscia M;Le Roux F
法国牡蛎（Crassostrea gigas）养殖场连续爆发疾病，导致产量急剧下降，牡蛎养殖业随之衰退。幼牡蛎的死亡与疱疹病毒（OsHV-1 μvar）和弧菌属细菌群的存在有关。尽管 OsHV-1 μvar 以及几种弧菌菌株的致病性已通过实验感染得到证实，但我们对自然环境中发生的感染的复杂性的了解仍然有限。在本研究中，我们使用在河口环境中感染的无特定病原体（SPF）牡蛎来研究疾病表达期间培养微生物种群的多样性和动态。我们观察到，在牡蛎死亡之前，弧菌快速定植，随后进行病毒复制。在共同感染的动物中，未发现弧菌浓度和病毒载量之间存在相关性。我们证明病毒 DNA 的数量是死亡率的预测因子，然而，在没有细菌的情况下，高负载的疱疹病毒不足以诱导疾病的完全表达。此外，我们证明在没有疱疹病毒的情况下也可能发生青少年死亡，这表明疱疹病毒似乎既不是引起青少年死亡的必要条件，也不是导致青少年死亡的充分条件；而细菌是该疾病所必需的。最后，我们证明牡蛎是假定病原体的储存库，牡蛎的地理起源、年龄和养殖方法会影响疾病的表现。
Successive disease outbreaks in oyster (Crassostrea gigas) beds in France have resulted in dramatic losses in production, and subsequent decline in the oyster-farming industry. Deaths of juvenile oysters have been associated with the presence of a herpes virus (OsHV-1 μvar) and bacterial populations of the genus Vibrio. Although the pathogenicity of OsHV-1 μvar, as well as several strains of Vibrio has been demonstrated by experimental infections, our understanding of the complexity of infections occurring in the natural environment remains limited. In the present study, we use specific-pathogen-free (SPF) oysters infected in an estuarine environment to study the diversity and dynamics of cultured microbial populations during disease expression. We observe that rapid Vibrio colonization followed by viral replication precedes oyster death. No correlation was found between the vibrio concentration and viral load in co-infected animals. We show that the quantity of viral DNA is a predictor of mortality, however, in the absence of bacteria, a high load of herpes virus is not sufficient to induce the full expression of the disease. In addition, we demonstrate that juvenile mortalities can occur in the absence of herpes virus, indicating that the herpes virus appears neither essential nor sufficient to cause juvenile deaths; whereas bacteria are necessary for the disease. Finally, we demonstrate that oysters are a reservoir of putative pathogens, and that the geographic origin, age, and cultivation method of oysters influence disease expression.
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影响因子：
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作者：
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