A Field Guide to Eukaryotic Transposable Elements.

A Field Guide to Eukaryotic Transposable Elements.
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DOI:
10.1146/annurev-genet-040620-022145
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发表时间:
2020-11-23
影响因子:
11.1
通讯作者:
Feschotte C
Feschotte C
中科院分区:
生物学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Wells JN;Feschotte C

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转座因子(Transposable elements,TE)是在基因组内传播的移动的DNA序列。通过不同的入侵策略,TE已经占据了几乎所有真核生物基因组的相当大的一部分,它们代表了遗传变异和新奇的主要来源。在这里我们回顾了每一个主要的真核细胞TE的定义特征,并探讨了他们的进化起源和关系。我们讨论了不同TE的独特生物学如何影响它们在基因组内和跨基因组的传播和分布。在宿主物种水平上起作用的环境和遗传因素进一步调节TE的活性、多样化和命运,从而产生在真核生物中观察到的TE含量的显著变化。我们认为,编目TE的多样性和解剖的特质行为的个别元素是至关重要的,以进一步了解它们对生物学的基因组和物种的进化。
Transposable elements (TEs) are mobile DNA sequences that propagate within genomes. Through diverse invasion strategies, TEs have come to occupy a substantial fraction of nearly all eukaryotic genomes and they represent a major source of genetic variation and novelty. Here we review the defining features of each major group of eukaryotic TEs and explore their evolutionary origins and relationships. We discuss how the unique biology of different TEs influences their propagation and distribution within and across genomes. Environmental and genetic factors acting at the level of the host species further modulate the activity, diversification and fate of TEs, producing the dramatic variation in TE content observed in eukaryotes. We argue that cataloguing TE diversity and dissecting the idiosyncratic behaviour of individual elements is crucial to furthering our understanding of their impact on the biology of genomes and the evolution of species.
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