How to measure metacognition.
How to measure metacognition.
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DOI：
10.3389/fnhum.2014.00443
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发表时间：
2014
影响因子：
2.9
通讯作者：
Lau HC
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Fleming SM;Lau HC
识别自己成功的认知过程的能力，例如，知觉或记忆任务，通常被称为元认知。我们应该如何定量地衡量这种能力？在这里，我们专注于一类措施，评估试验的准确性和自己的信心之间的对应关系。一般来说，对于具有元认知敏感性的健康受试者，当一个人自信时，他更有可能是正确的。因此，准确性和置信度之间的关联程度可以作为元认知的定量度量。然而，许多研究使用统计相关系数（例如，Pearson's r）或其变体来评估这种关联程度，并且这种测量容易受到诸如响应偏差等因素的不良影响。在这里，我们审查其他措施的基础上，信号检测理论和受试者工作特性（ROC）分析是“无偏”，并将这些数量的校准和歧视措施的概率估计文献。我们继续区分元认知偏差（尽管基本任务性能保持不变，但主观信心的差异），元认知敏感性（如何区分自己的正确和不正确的判断）和元认知效率（给定一定水平的任务性能，受试者的元认知敏感性水平）的相关概念。最后，我们讨论了这三个概念如何为元认知和意识意识的研究提出有趣的问题。
The ability to recognize one's own successful cognitive processing, in e.g., perceptual or memory tasks, is often referred to as metacognition. How should we quantitatively measure such ability? Here we focus on a class of measures that assess the correspondence between trial-by-trial accuracy and one's own confidence. In general, for healthy subjects endowed with metacognitive sensitivity, when one is confident, one is more likely to be correct. Thus, the degree of association between accuracy and confidence can be taken as a quantitative measure of metacognition. However, many studies use a statistical correlation coefficient (e.g., Pearson's r) or its variant to assess this degree of association, and such measures are susceptible to undesirable influences from factors such as response biases. Here we review other measures based on signal detection theory and receiver operating characteristics (ROC) analysis that are “bias free,” and relate these quantities to the calibration and discrimination measures developed in the probability estimation literature. We go on to distinguish between the related concepts of metacognitive bias (a difference in subjective confidence despite basic task performance remaining constant), metacognitive sensitivity (how good one is at distinguishing between one's own correct and incorrect judgments) and metacognitive efficiency (a subject's level of metacognitive sensitivity given a certain level of task performance). Finally, we discuss how these three concepts pose interesting questions for the study of metacognition and conscious awareness.
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DOI：
10.1037/a0013865
发表时间：
2009-01-01
影响因子：
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作者：
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