AEROCE Primary Network Operations Group (PNOG)

在过去的10-15年里，大气化学已经从一个主要致力于研究城市污染和空气质量等局部问题的年轻研究学科发展成为一门涉及各种化学物质在半球到全球范围内循环的成熟科学。在很大程度上，这种变化是由于人们日益认识到，人类活动可以对自然对流层造成化学干扰，其规模远远超出当地的关注范围。众所周知的例子包括某些氮化合物、铅和其他重金属、人工放射性核素、一些合成有机物质、某些形成酸的物种、二氧化碳和甲烷的区域到全球浓度的变化。大气中的这些化学变化通常可以扩展到远离原始来源地区的地球土壤、海洋和生物群。它们可能导致地球气候的变化，重要的营养循环的变化，并对地球上的公共健康和生活质量产生重大影响。大气/海洋化学实验（AEROCE）将是一个以北大西洋区域为中心的协调的多机构大气和海洋化学研究项目。欧空局项目的最终目标将是发展在北大西洋上空海洋对流层观测到的大陆衍生物种的预测能力。在AEROCE中，地点的选择和测量方案是由建模人员和现场实验人员共同制定的。AEROCE主要网络操作组（PNOG）位于罗德岛大学海洋学研究生院大气化学研究中心。该小组将在北大西洋下列地点建立主要网络站点：百慕大丹尼尔斯黑德；梅斯黑德，爱尔兰；巴巴多斯的粗糙点；还有特内里费岛的伊扎尼亚。这些站点将是高质量的最先进的大气采样站，具有支持广泛的大气化学测量的设施。气溶胶、气体和降水样本将在这些地点收集，并将遵循AEROCE概述中概述的采样方案。PNOG将建造和运营采样站。每个监测站将设有一个三重雨水收集器和六个气溶胶/微量气体收集系统，以获取连续的每日采集样本。某些微量气体的烧瓶样品也将每周收集两次。现场技术分析的其他气体基本上会有连续的记录。该小组将在每个地点配备一名具有技术专长的现场技术人员。该小组将从初级网络站点接收样本和数据，并将按照欧空局调查人员的要求重新分发材料。百慕大-西（丹尼尔斯黑德）场址将于1988年8月开始作业，爱尔兰梅斯黑德场址将于1988年5月开始作业。

Over the past 10-15 years atmospheric chemistry has evolved from a young research discipline devoted primarily to local problems of urban pollution and air quality to a mature science concerned with the hemispheric to global scale cycling of a wide variety of chemical species. To a large extent this change has resulted from an increasing realization that human activities can cause chemical disturbances to the natural troposphere on scales far beyond local concerns. Well-known examples include changes in the regional-to-global concentrations of certain nitrogen compounds, lead and other heavy metals, artificial radionuclides, a number of synthetic organic substances, certain acid-forming species, carbon dioxide and methane. These chemical changes in the atmosphere can often extend to the earth's soils, oceans, and biota far from the original source region. They can result in alterations in the earth's climate, changes in vital nutrient cycles, and impact significantly on the public health and quality of life on earth. The Atmosphere/Ocean Chemistry Experiment (AEROCE) will be a coordinated multi-institutional atmospheric and marine chemistry research project centered in the North Atlantic region. The ultimate goal of the AEROCE project will be the development of a predictive capability for the continentally derived species observed in the marine troposphere over the North Atlantic. The selection of sites and the measurement protocol in AEROCE has been developed jointly by modelers and field experimentalists. The AEROCE Primary Network Operations Group (PNOG) is located at the Center for Atmospheric Chemistry Studies, Graduate School of Oceanography, University of Rhode Island. This group will establish Primary Network sites in the North Atlantic Ocean at the following locations: Daniels Head, Bermuda; Mace Head, Ireland; Ragged Point, Barbados; and Izania, Tenerife. These sites will be high quality state-of-the-art atmospheric sampling stations with facilities to support a wide range of atmospheric chemistry measurements. Aerosol, gas, and precipitation samples will be collected at these sites and will follow the sampling protocol as outlined in the AEROCE Overview. The PNOG will construct and operate the sampling stations. Each station will have a triplet rain collector and six aerosol/trace gas collection systems for obtaining continuous daily grab samples. Flask samples for certain trace gases will also be collected twice a week. Other gases analyzed by on-site techniques will have essentially a continuous record. The group will have an on-site technician with technical expertise at each site. The group will receive samples and data from the Primary Network stations and will redistribute the materials as required by AEROCE investigators. The Bermuda-West (Daniels Head) site will be operational in August, 1988 and the Mace Head, Ireland site will be operational in May, 1988.