Applications of Bargaining and Game Theory to Political Philosophy

该项目的目的是开发模型， 对于政治哲学问题来说， 可以被表示并纳入正式的理论。 谈判理论中的各种公理化方法，合作 博弈论和非合作博弈论， 用于严格推导经济政策的含义， 不同的政治哲学。 该项目开发新的 用于模拟分配正义问题的工具。 这些 工具能更好地捕捉我们的直觉 分配正义和相关的伦理问题，因为他们 包括有关财产权和 满足各种需求的物理对象的分布， 的愿望. 过去的社会选择模型只关注 效用分布和特征提取 经济环境。 该形式化理论得到了发展，并应用于实际资源 分配问题。 例如，假设国际 像世界卫生组织这样的组织， 目的是分配其有限的资源， 使所有国家都有平等的机会， 降低婴儿死亡率。 分布 资源的分配符合基本的 正义的原则可以严格地从这一理论推导出来。

The aim of the project is to develop models in which the information which is salient for problems of political philosophy can be represented and incorporated into a formal theory. Various axiomatic approaches in bargaining theory, cooperative game theory, and non-cooperative game theory are adapted and used to rigorously derive implications for economic policy of different political philosophies. The project develops new tools for modelling problems of distributive justice. These tools do a better job of capturing our intuitions about distributive justice and related ethical questions because they include information about property rights and about the distribution of physical objects which fulfill various needs and desires. Past models of social choice focus only on the distribution of utilities and abstract from the characteristics of economic environments. This formal theory is developed and applied to actual resource allocation problems. For example, suppose an international organization such as the World Health Organization takes as its objective to distribute its limited resources in such a way as to equalize the opportunities that all countries have to achieve an improvement in their rates of infant mortality. The distribution of resources across countries consistent with fundamental principles of justice can be rigorously derived from this theory.