Measurements of Atmospheric Composition Using Infrared Techniques

提出了一项研究计划，该计划将产生与当前感兴趣的两个环境问题相关的额外实验数据。这些问题是人类活动可能对平流层臭氧层的扰动，以及大气中辐射活性化合物(CO2、CH4、N2O等)浓度增加可能导致的气候变化。与这两个问题有关的数据将通过分析一年中不同时间在不同地点(丹佛、莫纳罗亚和兰德尔)从地面获得的红外太阳光谱来获得。太阳光谱将通过气球在不同的高度和太阳天顶角获得。地面光谱将用于研究平流层HCl、HNO3、ClONO2柱密度的时间和空间变异性。它们还将被用来比较CH4、CO2、N2O、O3和H2O的吸收特征与基于我们从其他测量(GMCC、Dobson、Rainsonde等)获得的知识对相同特征的理论计算。将检查计算的光谱和观测的光谱之间的差异，以确定不一致的原因。在气球飞行期间获得的光谱将被用来确定各种成分随高度的分布，特别是在平流层。将获得HCl、HNO3、ClONO2、NO、NO2、HNO4、CH4和N2O的轮廓数据，并将检查高分辨率光谱的吸收，这是由于预测存在其他化合物(HOCl、H2O2)，但在较低分辨率下获得的太阳光谱中没有观察到这些化合物。大气发射光谱将使用气球携带的光谱仪系统从地面和最高40公里的不同高度获得。当观察接近地球边缘和最低点的不同角度时，将获得光谱。这些光谱将被用来获得NO2、N2O5、ClONO2、HNO3、O3和H2O的高度剖面数据。还将测量这些化合物在日出和/或日落期间的浓度随时间的变化。

A research program is proposed which will yield additional experimental data pertinent to two environmental problems of current interest. These problems are the possible perturbation of the stratospheric ozone layer by man's activities and the possible change in climate caused by the increase in atmospheric concentration of radiatively active compounds (CO2, CH4, N2O, etc). Data pertinent to these two problems will be obtained by the analysis of infrared solar spectra obtained from the ground at various locations (Denver, Mauna Loa and Lauder, New Zealand) at various times of the year. Solar spectra will be obtained at various altitudes and solar zenith angles by means of balloons. The ground based spectra will be used to study the temporal and spatial variability of the stratospheric column density of HCl, HNO3, ClONO2. They will also be used to compare the absorption features due to CH4, CO2, N2O, O3 and H2O with theoretical calculations of the same feature based on our knowledge from other measurements (GMCC, Dobson, rawinsonde, etc). Differences between the calculated and observed spectra will be examined to determine the cause of the disagreement. The spectra obtained during the balloon flight will be used to determine the distribution of various constituents with altitude particularly in the stratosphere. Profile data will be obtained for HCl, HNO3, ClONO2, NO, NO2, HNO4, CH4 and N2O and the high resolution spectra will be examined for absorption due to other compounds which are predicted to be present (HOCl, H2O2) but have not been observed in solar spectra obtained at lower resolution. Atmospheric emission spectra will be obtained both from the ground and from various altitudes up to 40 km using a balloon-borne spectrometer system. Spectra will be obtained while viewing various angles close to the earth's limb and the nadir. These spectra will be used to obtain altitude profile data for NO2, N2O5, ClONO2, HNO3, O3, and H2O. The change in concentrations of these compounds with time during sunrise and/or sunset will also be measured.