Conference on Honorifics to be held at Reed College, in mid-April l988.

这是一项奖励，为参加里德学院荣誉会议的12名参与者提供机票、餐饮和住宿。参与者的研究范围涉及句法、语义、词法、语用学、社会语言学和说话的民族志，他们将讨论表示尊重和不尊重的范畴在语言中的适当描述和理论意义。将讨论的语言和语组包括日语、汉语、韩语、泰语、藏语、中美洲印第安语、北美印第安语、非洲语言、印度语言和西欧语言。语言通过多种方式表达说话人和听话人的相对地位和对讨论话题的态度，如使用特殊词汇、代词、词缀、委婉语和循环语等。在一些语言中，说话人被要求对每一句话进行选择和评估，而在另一些语言中，有一些中性的说话方式，避免表达相对的地位或态度。对语言的描述经常省略这方面的用法，因为它与命题内容或抽象的语法性几乎没有关系。然而，一个合乎语法的句子不一定是合适的句子。近年来，语言学家开始关注礼貌言语机制的跨语言研究。

This is an award to provide airfare, meals, and lodging for twelve participants at a conference on honorifics at Reed College. Participants, whose research extends over syntax, semantics, morphology, pragmatics, sociolinguistics, and the ethnography of speaking, will discuss the adequate description and the theoretical significance of categories in language that express respect and disrespect. Languages and language groups to be discussed include Japanese, Chinese, Korean, Thai, Tibetan, Mesoamerican Indian languages, North American Indian languages, African languages, languages of India, and Western European languages. Languages express relative status of speaker and hearer and attitude toward the topic of discussion in many ways such as the use of special vocabulary, pronouns, affixes, or euphemisms and circulocutions. In some languages the speaker is required to make choices and evaluations for every utterance, while in others there are neutral ways of speaking that avoid expression of relative status or attitude. Descriptions of languages often omit this aspect of usage, since it has little to do with propositional content or abstract grammaticality. However, a grammatical sentence is not necessarily an appropriate sentence. Recently linguists have become concerned with cross-linguistic studies of the mechanisms of polite speech.