Contrasting Lives: Suffragette and Suffragist Strategies in the Careers of Two Great Women Scientists, 1910-1976 (History and Philosophy of Science)

这个项目比较了对比鲜明的职业生涯和个人生活， 世纪英国两位伟大的女科学家，一位是理论家， 另一个是实验主义者，试图澄清社会和 决定妇女成功和失败的科学因素 科学 这两个女人的生活和作品在 20世纪30年代，当两人都在牛津，而进一步属于一个 一个由十几位意识形态敏感的科学家组成的小组， 分子生物学在英国的兴起 Dorothy C. 霍奇金（1910-），1910年诺贝尔化学奖唯一获得者。 1964年，将被探讨为一个成功的典范，包括 建立了一个由一百多人组成的研究学校， 女弟子 多萝西·林奇（1894-1976）的案例研究， 从数学家变成了生物学家， 爱因斯坦，”但谁来度过她的职业生涯后期痴迷 她的对手们错误地声称 被否定的，将被作为失败的范例进行探讨。 该项目旨在 展示和澄清妇女在科学方面的经验的多样性， 在其历史、科学和政治背景下。 该项目的互动部分包括：a）教学a 新课程“法国女科学家社会史” 革命到现在”的研究生和本科生 学生; B）组织跨学科和 “妇女在科学中的生活：历史和 当代观点，”在历史学家，社会学家和 实践科学家将介绍他们的经验; c）教学a 新的研讨会“研究学校的分子生物学在美国，英国 1920-1970年”; d）每月举办一次座谈会， 促进科学、历史和文学之间的互动 社区，特别是学生，在东道机构。 本项目进一步促进了VPW计划的目标，即（1） 为妇女提供机会， 工程和由NSF支持的科学学科，以及（2） 鼓励妇女从事科学和工程职业， 提高女科学家和女工程师的知名度 受雇于工业、政府和学术机构。 通过 鼓励妇女参与科学，这是一个宝贵的 投资于国家未来的科学活力。

This project compares the contrasting careers and personal lives of two great 20th Century British women scientists, one a theoretician and the other an experimentalist, and seeks to clarify the social and scientific determinants of success and of failure for women in science. The lives and works of these two women intersected in the 1930s, when both were based at Oxford, while further belonging to a group of a dozen ideologically sensitive scientists who pioneered the rise of molecular biology in Britain. The case study of Dorothy C. Hodgkin (1910-), sole recipient of the Nobel Prize for chemistry in 1964, will be explored as a paradigm of success, including the establishment of a research school composed of over a hundred men and women disciples. The case study of Dorothy Wrinch (1894-1976), a mathematician turned biologist who had been considered a "woman Einstein," but who came to spend the later part of her career obsessed with a theory which her men rivals erroneously claimed to have refuted, will be explored as a paradigm of failure. The project seeks to exhibit and clarify the diversity of women's experience in science in its historical, scientific, and political contexts. The interactive component of this project includes: a) teaching a new course "Social history of women scientists from the French revolution to the present" for both graduate and undergraduate students; b) the organization of an interdisciplinary and international symposium on "Women's lives in science: Historical and contemporary perspectives," at which historians, sociologists and practicing scientists will present their experiences; c) teaching a new seminar on "Research schools of molecular biology in the US, UK and France, 1920-1970"; d) the organization of a monthly colloquium to stimulate interaction between the scientific, historical and literary communities, especially students, at the host institution. This project furthers VPW program objectives which are (1) to provide opportunities for women to advance their careers in engineering and in the disciplines of science supported by NSF and (2) to encourage women to pursue careers in science and engineering by providing greater visibility for women scientists and engineers employed in industry, government, and academic institutions. By encouraging the participation of women in science, it is a valuable investment in the Nation's future scientific vitality.