Pure Science, Applied Science, & Discipline Formation in theAmerican Context: Study of Three Pioneering Botanists in Ecology, Genetics in 20th Century

金斯兰教授正在研究20世纪初三位重要但相对被忽视的美国植物学家的职业生涯：生理生态学家丹尼尔·t·麦克杜格尔；遗传学家George H. Shull；以及遗传学家爱德华·m·伊斯特。他们三人都是进化生物学实验方法发展的先驱，也是生态学和遗传学学科形成的先驱。虽然位于不同的机构，他们的研究在几个方面重叠。在这笔资助下，金士兰教授通过研究他们工作的经济和制度背景，特别是他们的研究在环境管理和农业方面的应用，探索“纯”科学与“应用”科学之间的关系。她还在考虑私人赞助人（卡内基研究所）在世纪之交影响研究方向方面的作用。她利用这些案例研究，将20世纪初美国实验生物学的农业和创业背景带入更清晰的焦点。这样做，他们也可以帮助我们理解现代美国科学的形式和特点。

Professor Kingsland is examining the careers of three important but relatively neglected American botanists of the early twentieth century: Daniel T. MacDougal, a physiological ecologist; George H. Shull, a geneticist; and Edward M. East, a geneticist. All three were pioneers in the development of experimental approaches to evolutionary biology and in the formation of the disciplines of ecology and genetics. Though located at different institutions, their research overlapped in several ways. With this grant, Professor Kingsland is exploring the relationship between "pure" and "applied" science by studying the economic and institutional context of their work, especially the applications of their research to environmental management and agriculture. She is also considering the role of the private patron (the Carnegie Institution) in influencing the direction of research at the turn of the century. She is using these case studies to bring into clearer focus the agricultural and entrepreneurial context of American experimental biology in the early twentieth century. In so doing, they can also help us to understand the form and character of modern American science.