TOGA: Process-Oriented Diagnostic Modeling for TOGA-COARE

这项研究使用创新诊断建模方法和TOGA-COARE数据集来测试和验证物理过程参数化的关键方面。该模型是一种计算高效且经济的一维(垂直)模型，类似于单个GCM网格单元，适用于TOGA-COARE区域的站点。目前版本的模式包含了一整套现代GCM次网格物理过程的参数化。它包括通过对流和湍流混合的垂直输送，与相互作用的云的辐射输送，以及一个完整的水文循环。海洋模式目前是一个简单的混合层，通过表面能量收支计算与大气同步耦合。为了强制模型，预算方程中的平流项将从TOGA-COARE观测中以观测方式指定。该模型是诊断性的，而不是预测性的。它的输入是初始状态，加上守恒方程中随时间变化的平流项，所有模型层都提供了这些项。它的输出是海洋-大气耦合柱的完整热量和水收支，包括温度和湿度廓线、云及其辐射特性、非绝热加热项、地表能量平衡分量和水文循环要素，所有这些都是时间的函数。给出了测试用例模型的样本集成，并根据观察结果进行了验证。这些诊断分析表明，这种类型的模式在TOGA-COARE中可能是有用的，这些应用包括解释多维模式的结果，验证地表通量数据，以及估计对替代物理过程的敏感性。该提案描述了模型开发、诊断建模以及与GCM实验和观测之间的联系的协调计划。这项研究之所以重要，是因为它是TOGA-COARE研究之一，在影响气候变异性的物理过程的背景下，在世界上一个特别气候敏感的区域--西太平洋--TOGA-COARE现场，调查海-气相互作用。

This research uses an innovation diagnostic modeling approach together with TOGA-COARE data sets to test and validate critical aspects of physical process parameterizations. The model is a computationally efficient and economical one-dimensional (vertical) model, resembling a single GCM grid cell, to be applied to sites in the TOGA-COARE domain. The present version of the model contains a full set of modern GCM parameterization of subgrid physical processes. It includes vertical transport by convection and turbulent mixing, radiative transfer with interactive clouds, and a complete hydrologic cycle. The ocean model is currently a simple mixed layer, synchronously coupled to the atmosphere through a surface energy budget computation. To force the model, the advective terms in the budget equations will be specified observationally from TOGA-COARE observations. The model is diagnostic rather than prognostic. Its input is an initial state, plus the time-dependent advection terms in the conservation equations, provided at all model layers. Its output is a complete heat and water budget for the coupled ocean- atmosphere column, including temperature and moisture profiles, clouds and their radiative properties, diabatic heating terms, surface energy balance components, and hydrologic cycle elements, all specified as functions of time. Sample integrations of the model for test cases are presented and verified against observations. These diagnostic analyses suggest that this type of model may be useful in TOGA-COARE for applications including interpretation of results from multi-dimensional models, validation of surface flux data, and estimation of sensitivity to alternative physical processes. The proposal describes a coordinated program of model development, diagnostic modeling, and linkages with GCM experiments and with observations. This research is important because it is one of the TOGA-COARE studies that investigates air-sea interactions in the context of the physical processes that impact climate variability, in an especially climate sensitive region of the world, the western Pacific Ocean, the field site of TOGA-COARE.