Human Capital and Long-Run Growth

这个项目有两个部分。前者涉及创新，后者涉及传统意义上的人力资本积累。最发达经济体的增长是由新产品和新工艺的开发推动的，而发展中国家的增长是由成功采用现有技术推动的。研究的第一部分是对决定每一环境中创新活动总体水平的因素进行更系统的检查。其中最主要的是产品之间的可替代性程度和产品市场竞争的性质。一个关键的问题是，在什么情况下，一个不太发达的经济体往往会赶上一个更发达的经济体。在20世纪80年代，美国专业工人的实际工资上涨，而其他群体的实际工资则停滞不前或下降。研究的第二部分旨在解释随着经济发展，熟练劳动力和非熟练劳动力的相对工资的动态变化。还将审查具有不同熟练和非熟练劳动力组合的经济体之间的贸易，以及鼓励熟练和非熟练劳动力从欠发达经济体移徙到较发达经济体的动机。

This project has two parts. The first deals with innovation, the second with human capital accumulation of a conventional sort. Growth in the most advanced economies is fueled by the development of new products and processes, and growth in the developing world by successful adoption of existing technologies. The first part of the research is a more systematic examination of the factors that determine the aggregate level of innovative activity in each setting. Chief among these are the degree of substitutability among products and the nature of competition in the product market. A key question is under what circumstances a less developed economy will tend to catch up to a more advanced one. During the 1980's real wages in the U.S. rose for professional workers and stagnated or fell for other groups. The second part of the research is directed toward explaining the dynamics of the relative wages of skilled and unskilled labor as an economy develops. Trade between economies with different mixes of skilled and unskilled labor, and the incentives for skilled and unskilled labor to migrate from less to more developed economies will also be examined.