Structure of Active Fumarole Fields: An Integrated Geophysical and Geochemical Approach

中、高温富马孔区的流动物理模型表明，在大多数情况下，质量流对富马孔区的温度有很强的控制作用。PI计划连续监测温度和质量流量，以在三个活跃领域测试这种关系。这些油田位于墨西哥科里马火山、哥斯达黎加波斯和哥伦比亚加雷拉斯，涵盖了一系列热液制度。在加雷拉斯，年轻的气孔很可能是岩浆强制对流和深度循环的陨石流体的表现。在POAS，浅层自由对流可能占主导地位。科利马代表介于其他两者之间的流态。温度、物质流动和地球化学的时间尺度和相互依赖关系在这些系统之间会有所不同。地球化学数据，特别是稳定的和宇宙成因的同位素，将有助于更清楚地区分浅层自由对流和由相对较深的或岩浆来源的强迫对流提供的气孔。区分这些输送机制对于理解和解释在活火山观察到的富马罗尔活动的变化很重要。

Physical models of flow in medium- and high-temperature fumarole fields suggest that mass flow will exert a strong control on fumarole temperature in most circumstances. The PIs plan to monitor temperature and mass flow continuously to test this relationship in three active fields. These fields are on Volcano Colima, Mexico, Poas, Costa Rica, and Galeras, Colombia, and encompass a range of hydrothermal regimes. At Galeras, young fumaroles are likely a manifestation of forced convection of magmatic and deeply circulating meteoritic fluids. At Poas, shallow free convection likely dominates flow. Colima represents a flow regime intermediate between the other two. The time scales and interdependence of temperature, mass flow, and geochemistry will vary between these systems. Geochemical data, particularly stable and cosmogenic isotopes, will help distinguish more clearly between shallow free convection and fumaroles fed by forced convection from relatively deep or magmatic sources. Differentiation of these transport mechanisms is important to the understanding and interpretation of observed changes in fumarole activity at active volcanoes.