Studies of the Solar Wind Near the Sun

这笔赠款是用各种无线电传播方法研究太阳附近的太阳风。这一“无线电探测”的结果将与其他地面日冕观测和航天器的现场观测结果进行比较。基本目标是理解日冕加热和太阳风加速的机制(S)，以及大尺度光球层结构和大尺度太阳风结构之间的关系。归根结底，这样的理解对于理解太阳和地球之间的耦合是必要的，使我们能够了解甚至预测地球周围空间环境的条件。无线电遥感观测以各种方式探测通过太阳风的无线电波的相位调制结果。这种位相调制与电子密度成线性关系。因此，人们观察到了电子密度波动的影响。最简单的观测就是测量太阳风速。然而，速度并不是人们可以得出的唯一信息。人们还可以估计这些密度波动的空间频谱，以及它们是如何与速度波动耦合的。人们可以在这些观测中看到等离子体波的影响，并检验它们与理论波谱的一致性。人们可以使用这些方法为尤利西斯极地轨道航天器提供地面支持。尤利西斯任务可能是这一代人中直接观测太阳两极的唯一机会。#

This grant is to study the solar wind near the sun using a variety of radio propagation methods. The results of this "radio probing" will be compared with other ground-based coronal observations and with in-situ observations from space-craft. The basic objectives are to understand the mechanism(s) of coronal heating and of solar wind acceleration, and the relationship between large scale photospheric structures and large scale solar wind structures. Ultimately, such understanding is necessary to understand the coupling between the sun and the earth, enabling us to understand and even to predict conditions in the space environment around the earth. The radio-remote-sensing observations detect the results of phase modulation of radio waves passing through the solar wind in various ways. This phase modulation is linearly proportional to the electron density. Thus one observed the effects of electron density fluctuations. The simplest observation is to measure the solar wind velocity. However, the velocity is not the only information one can derive. One can also estimate the spatial spectrum of these density fluctuations and how they are couples to velocity fluctuations. One can see the effects of plasma waves in these observations and test their consistency with theoretical wave spectra. One could use these methods to provide ground-based support for the ULYSSES polar-orbiting space-craft. The ULYSSES mission will provide perhaps the only opportunity to directly observe the solar poles in this generation. #