US-Poland Research on Elucidating Mechanisms of HeterogenousChemical Reactions of Environmental Importance

宾夕法尼亚州立大学的A. W. Castleman博士和波兰科学院物理化学研究所的H. Wincel博士之间的这项美国-波兰研究项目的目标是，华沙将研究具有环境重要性的多相化学反应的机制，并了解涉及自然大气成分和通过各种工业过程引入的污染物的循环之间的耦合。研究方向为：(1)集群分布，揭示集群形成和成长的动态；(2)通过测量簇离子的热化学性质，研究簇离子的稳定性和反应能量；(3)在不同化学成分和聚集/溶剂化程度的影响下，研究不同大小团簇的反应活性，以阐明反应机理；(4)光稳定性和光解离，这是对离子团簇热力学稳定性研究的补充，可以得到一些光谱信息以及光对污染物转化反应影响的信息。在研究过程中，研究人员打算通过多光子电离直接探测团簇的光谱，从而确定团簇对电子态的影响。该结果将进一步深入了解团簇键的性质和强度、光吸收后的能量转移以及反应性。该大气科学项目实现了推进科学知识的计划目标，使美国和东欧的领先专家能够在共同感兴趣和有能力的领域结合互补的人才和汇集资源。

The objective of this US-Poland research project between Dr. A. W. Castleman of the Pennsylvania State University and Dr. H. Wincel of the Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw is to investigate mechanisms of heterogenous chemical reactions of environmental importance and to underdtand the coupling between cycles involving both natural atmospheric constituents and pollutants introduced through various industrial processes. The researchers will investigate: (1) cluster distributions, and studies to unravel the dynamics of formation and the growth of clusters; (2) the stability and reaction energetics of cluster ions through measurements of their thermochemical properties; (3) the reactivity of clusters of varying size to elucidate the reaction mechanisms as influenced by various chemical constituents and degrees of aggregation/solvation; and (4) photostability and photodissociation, which complement studies on the thermodynamic stability of ion clusters and elicit some spectroscopic information as well as information on the influence of light on pollutant conversion reactions. During the course of the work, the researchers will intend to probe directly the spectroscopy of clusters via multiphoton ionization, so that the effects of clustering on electronic states can be determined. The results will provide further insight into the nature and strength of cluster bonds, energy transfer following photoabsorption, and hence reactivity. This project in atmospheric science fulfills the program obvjective of advancing scientific knowledge by enabling leading experts in the United States and Eastern Europe to combine complementary talents andn pool resources in areas of strong mutual interest and competence.