Convective Cloud Systems in Climate Models

本研究主要包括四个方面的工作：1.进一步研究湿可用能在湿对流不稳定中的应用(广义对流可用势能)，基于穿透算法，并建立在PI的前人工作的基础上。2.开展Arakawa-Schubert积云参数化预报闭合的进一步发展，包括研究&gt；的物理意义，以及多云基准层的作用。3.完成、安装和测试我们为CSU GCM开发的预报云水参数。这将包括在模型的一维和三维版本中进行测试。4.将GCM模拟的结果与观测结果进行比较，重点是晴空温室效应和地球熵收支的季节变化，以及为揭示结果对模式公式的敏感性而设计的数值试验。这项研究之所以重要，是因为它寻求更好地了解地球大气中的云和能量过程，以便能够在天气和气候模型中更真实地表示它们。

This research consists of four main tasks: 1. Conduct further studies of the moist available energy as it applies to moist convective instability (the generalized convective available potential energy), based on the penetrator algorithm and building on the previous work of the PIs. 2. Carry out further development of the prognostic closure for the Arakawa-Schubert cumulus parameterization, including studies of the physical meaning of >, and the role of multiple cloud base levels. 3. Complete, install, and test the prognostic cloud water parameterization that we have developed for the CSU GCM. This will include tests in both one-dimensional and three- dimensional versions of the model. 4. Results of the GCM simulations will be compared with observations, with emphasis on seasonal changes of the clear- sky greenhouse effect and the Earth's entropy budget, and numerical experiments designed to reveal the sensitivity of the results to aspects of the model's formulation. This research is important because it seeks to better understand cloud and energy processes in the Earth's atmosphere in order to be able to represent them more realistically in weather and climate models.