Craft Manufacture and Exchange in Oaxaca: The Residential Context

在美国国家科学基金会的支持下，加里·费曼博士将继续他在墨西哥瓦哈卡州埃尤特拉遗址的考古研究。在1992年的实地考察中，费曼博士发现了一个角落，他认为这是一个4-6个房间的结构。他现在将挖掘整个建筑群，收集其中的文化材料，并绘制详细的地图。他的目标是重建在这个家庭背景下发生的活动范围，特别是专注于工艺或制造活动。先前的工作表明，在该地点发现了各种各样的材料，包括玛瑙和至少80个太平洋贝壳分类群。费曼博士认为，专家们生产了用于贸易的材料，而且绝大多数精心制作的贝壳和石头装饰品并没有在当地消费。在先前的挖掘中发现的大部分贝壳都是由副产品和残次品组成的。在第一个千年的早期，墨西哥中部的大部分地区被并入了一个帝国，考古学家认为，这个帝国的中心在阿尔班山。该遗址及其巨大的令人印象深刻的废墟已被广泛挖掘，其在更广泛的区域背景下的重要性是显而易见的。然而，人们不太了解的是这个帝国是如何运作的，以及像埃尤特拉这样的边远地区是如何被控制并与核心联系在一起的。费曼博士认为，结构化贸易网络的发展以及由此产生的相互依赖关系可能发挥了核心作用。在这种情况下，Ejutla非常有趣，因为它似乎参与了专门的制造，专注于贝壳雕刻。不同寻常的是，这个地点远离海洋。拟议的挖掘将提供更多的见解，了解Ejutla是如何运作的，以及这项工作发生的直接社会背景。这项研究之所以重要，有几个原因。它将为许多考古学家提供感兴趣的数据。它还将增加我们对国家一级社会发展过程的理解。

With National Science Foundation support Dr. Gary Feinman will continue his archaeological research at the site of Ejutla which is located in Oaxaca Mexico. During his 1992 field season Dr. Feinman discovered the corner of what he believes to be a 4-6 room structure. He will now excavate the entire compound, collect the cultural materials it contains and produce a detailed map. His goal is to reconstruct the range of activities which took place in this family context and especially focus on the craft or manufacturing activities represented. Prior work has indicated that a wide range of materials including onyx and at least 80 taxa of Pacific shell were worked at the site. Dr. Feinman believes that specialists produced materials for trade and that the great majority of the elaborate shell and stone ornaments made were not consumed locally. Most of the shell recovered in prior excavations consisted of by- products and defective pieces. In the early first millennium much of central Mexico was incorporated into an empire which, archaeologists believe, had its center at Monte Alban. The site with its large impressive ruins has been extensively excavated and its importance in a broader regional context is clear. However what is less well understood is how this empire functioned and how outlying areas such as Ejutla were controlled and tied to the core. Dr. Feinman believes that the development of structured trade networks and the interdependencies which thus developed may have played a central role. In this context Ejutla is extremely interesting because it appears to be involved in specialized manufacturing which focussed on shell carving. What makes this unusual is that the site is located far from the ocean. The proposed excavation will provide additional insight into how Ejutla functioned and the immediate social context in which this work took place. This research is important for several reasons. It will provide data of interest to many archaeologists. It will also increase our understanding of the processes which underlie the development of state level societies.