Regularities in Large Systems

9308773明斯基规则，或符合统一的原则，是必不可少的可理解性，可扩展性和可靠性的大型软件系统。 不幸的是，除非由某种“更高的权威”（如编程语言）将它们强加给系统，否则它们很难实现。 实现这些目标的问题源于它们内在的全球性。 与可以内置到特定模块中的算法或数据结构不同，规律性是一种必须在系统中处处遵守的原则，并且不能被局部化。 当然，人们可以通过精心构建系统的所有组件来实现所需的规律性，但是这种“手动”实现的规则性是费力的、不可靠的、不稳定的，并且难以验证和改变。 这项工作的目标是开发和探索一种方法，大大简化了他们的实施，使他们更容易受雇于驯服的复杂性大型系统。 这种方法，这是基于法律管辖的架构（LGA）的概念，提供了系统设计者和建设者的手段，建立简单的正式和明确地宣布他们作为系统的法律。 一旦宣布了这样一种受法律支配的规律性，它就被系统发展的环境所强制执行。 有效地执行这种限制是本研究的一个中心目标。 虽然不是所有理想的XML都可以通过这种方式建立，但是这种方法应该能够支持广泛的“法律管理的XML”--可以正式定义并有效地执行--包括模块互连框架、访问控制方案、各种面向对象的XML、用于分布式系统的各种协议、有助于统一异构系统的XML等。 ***

9308773 Minsky Regularities, or the conformity to unifying principles, are essential to the comprehensibility, manageability and reliability of large software systems. Unfortunately, regularities are difficult to implement, unless they are imposed on a system by some kind of "higher authority," such as the programming language. The problem with implementing regularities stems from their intrinsic globality. Unlike an algorithm or a data structure that can be built into specific modules, a regularity is a principle that must be observed everywhere in the system, and cannot be localized. One can, of course, implement a desired regularity by painstakingly building all components of the system in accordance with it. But such a "manual" implementation of regularities is laborious, unreliable, and unstable and difficult to verify and to change. The goal of this work is to develop and explore an approach to regularities which greatly simplifies their implementation, making them more easily employable for taming of the complexities of large systems. This approach, which is based on the concept of law-governed architecture (LGA), provides system designers and builders with the means for establishing regularities simply by declaring them formally and explicitly as the law of the system. Once such a law-governed regularity is declared, it is enforced by the environment in which the system is developed. The efficient enforcement of such regularities is a central objective of this research. Although not all desirable regularities can be established this way, the approach should be able to support a wide range of "law-governed regularities"--which can be formally defined, and efficiently enforced--including module- interconnection frameworks, access-control schemes, variety of object-oriented regularities, various protocols for distributed systems, regularities that help in unifying heterogeneous systems, and others. ***