University-Industry Relations: Conflict of Interest and Academic Mission

在美国，大学在19世纪末从教学机构演变为研究机构，并在20世纪末发展为教学、研究和经济发展企业。伴随着并继续伴随着这些过渡的是激烈的争议。这项研究考察了学术与产业关系产生的利益冲突和承诺冲突问题。有两种模式描述了大学用来解决或规范这些冲突的方法：将学术活动和商业活动分开，或者将研究活动和商业活动整合到一个更广泛的机构使命的范畴内。一种或另一种模式在多大程度上占据主导地位，表明一个学术机构将经济发展同化和合法化作为其使命的一部分。在该研究奖的部分支持下，这位调查员将完成对美国六所大学的案例研究。这些案例提供了关于在历史和社会学背景下对这些争议的机构反应范围的详细信息。这项研究将确定和阐明争议的根源，以及各机构承担和达成的不同立场和解决方案。它将评估这些新政策和发展对国家和国际工业和学术政策问题以及对区域发展的影响。研究结果将发表在文章和一本书中，这将引起大学、公司和政府官员以及与大学协助经济和社会发展的不断变化的使命有关的政府官员和机构的兴趣。

In the United States the university evolved from a teaching to a research institution in the late nineteenth century, and into a teaching, research and economic development enterprise in the late twentieth century. Acute controversy accompanied and continues to accompany these transitions. This study examines issues of conflict of interest and conflict of commitment arising from academic-industry relations. There are two models which describe the approaches universities use to resolve or regulate these conflicts: separating academic and business activities, or integrating research and business activities under the rubric of a broader institutional mission. The degree to which one or the other model dominates indicates the degree to which an academic institution has assimilated and legitimated economic development as part of its mission. With partial support from this research award, this investigator will complete case study research at six U.S. universities. The cases provide detailed information about the range of institutional responses to these controversies, in historical and sociological context. The research will identify and elucidate the origins of the controversies, and the different positions and resolutions that institutions assume and arrive at. It will assess the implications of these new policies and developments for issues of industrial and academic policy, nationally and internationally, and for regional development. Results of the study will be published in articles and a book which will interest universities, companies and government officials and agencies concerned with the changing mission of the university to assist economic and social development.