The Development of a Fast-Respone, Lightweight Instrument for In Situ Measurements of Reactive Chlorine and Bromine in the Lower Stratosphere

同温层下层的臭氧浓度对氮氧化物、HOx、ClOx和BrOx族中万亿分之一的自由基丰度的相互作用很敏感。虽然氮氧化物以及氮氧化物和高硫氧化物主要是自然产生的，但人们认为，由于人为使用有机卤化物，主要是氟氯化碳、哈龙和甲基溴，平流层中卤素氧化物的浓度正在增加。这些自由基家族固有的非线性耦合使平流层光化学的解释复杂化，这些解释要么依赖于对大气中单一物种的孤立测量，要么依赖于使用单一探测技术的测量。该研究项目将重点设计和部署一种新的原位测量活性氯（ClO和Cl2O2）和活性溴（BrO）的仪器，一种基于化学转化共振荧光技术，一种已在飞机和气球上成功飞行。这种仪器将足够轻，它可以很容易地与现有的气球或飞机运载的有效载荷结合使用，特别是那些将在新型无人驾驶飞机上飞行的有效载荷。两个主要目标将指导这个项目。首先，这些研究人员将与使用远程技术从地面、气球和太空测量卤素氧化物的研究人员密切合作，对现有技术进行关键的相互比较，并对12至35公里高度范围内测量的不确定性进行评估。他们也有兴趣同同温层变化探测网络（NDSC）和上层的成员进行互动。大气研究卫星（UARS）其次，该项目的科学家将寻求对化学和动力学过程的合作调查，这些过程决定了平流层中破坏臭氧的自由基的丰度。他们的主要兴趣将是气溶胶对NOx、ClOx和BrOx化学平衡的影响，特别是在热带对流层顶附近和中纬度地区。这种仪器将足够轻，可以很容易地与现有的气球或有效载荷一起部署，特别是那些将在新型无人驾驶飞机上飞行的气球或有效载荷。

ATM-9313412 Toohey The concentration of ozone in the lower stratosphere is sensitive to interaction of part-per-trillion abundances of radical species in the NOx, HOx, ClOx, and BrOx families. While NOx and NOx and HOx are predominantly of natural origin, concentrations of the halogen oxides in the stratosphere are thought to be increasing due to anthropogenic uses of organic halides, mainly the chlorofluorocarbons (CFC's), halons, and methyl bromide. The inherant non-linear coupling of these radical families complicates interpretations of stratospheric photochemistry that rely either on isolated measurements of a single species in the atmosphere or on measurements using a single detection technique. This research project will focus on the design and deployment of a new instrument for in situ measurements of reactive chlorine (ClO and Cl2O2) and reactive bromine (BrO), one based on the technique of chemical-conversion resonance fluorescence and one which has flown successfully on aircraft and balloons. This instrument will be sufficiently lightweight that it could be deployed easily in conjunction with existing balloon- or aircraft- borne payloads, especially those to be flown on a new class of unmanned aircraft. Two major objectives will direct this project. First, these researchers will work closely with investigators who measure the halogen oxides with remote techniques from the ground, balloons, and space to provide a critical intercomparison of the available techniques and an evaluation of the uncertainties of the measurements over the altitude range from 12 to 35 km. They are also interested in interactions with those members of the Network for Detection of Stratospheric Change (NDSC) and of the Upper. Atmospheric Research Satellite (UARS). Second, the project scientists will seek collaborative investigations of the chemical and dynamical processes that determine the abundances of ozone- destroying radicals in the lower stratos phere. Their main interest will be the influence of aerosols on the balance of NOx, ClOx, and BrOx chemistries, especially near the tropical tropopause and at mid-latitudes. This instrument will be sufficiently lightweight that it could be deployed easily in conjunction with existing balloon- or payloads, especially those to be flown on a new class of unmanned aircraft.