Computerization, Work Values, and Changing Worklife

9321375 Kling这项研究调查了计算机专家、经理和工人的价值观如何影响计算机化项目和改变工作条件。关键的研究问题是：工作价值观在多大程度上以及如何影响工作场所信息技术的选择和发展，以及人们如何将这些技术融入他们的工作生活？研究活动包括理论和实证两个部分。理论部分侧重于发展对计算机化工作的一些道德影响以及计算机化项目主要参与者所面临的道德问题的理解。查明和分析这些问题的方法是审查现有的案例研究、参与讨论经验性工作的设计和选址以及一些实地访谈。实证研究涉及对三个组织的计算机化工作系统的调查和实地访谈。这些组织将代表三种理想的工作价值观：(A)合理化、精简工作以提高效率、组织狭义的工作和计算机化，以减少工人的自由裁量权；(B)灵活的职业化，组织工作以鼓励责任、主动和学习，并开发计算机系统以支持加强工作；(C)逐步包容、计算机化，以支持新的服务或活动，同时最大限度地减少工作关系的变化。调查人员将在选定的两到三个组织中完善和试点测试他们的工作价值观问卷，并进行初步的实地研究。结果将通过专题介绍和案例报告进行传播。将撰写一篇期刊文章。***

9321375 Kling This study examines how computer specialists, managers and workers' values shape computerization projects and change working conditions. The key research questions are: To what extent and how do work values influence the selection and eevelopment of information technologies in the workplace, and how do people integrate these technologies into their worklives? Research activities include both theoretical and empirical components. Theoretical components focus on developing an understanding of some of the ethical implications of computerizing work and the ethical issues faced by key participants in computerization projects. Identification and analysis of these issues proceeds by examination of existing case studies and participation in discussion of the design and site selection for the empirical work as well as some of the field interviews. Empirical research involves surveys and field interviews of computerized work systems in three organizations. The organizations will represent three ideal types of work values: (a) rationalization, streamlining work for efficiency, organizing narrowly defined jobs, and computerizing so as to reduce workers' discretion; (b) flexible professionalization, organizing work to encourage responsibility, initiative taking and learning, and developing computer systems to support enhanced work; and (c) incremental accommodation, computerizing so as to support new services or activities while minimizing the changes in work relationships. The investigators will refine and pilot test their work values questionnaire in the two or three organizations selected, and undertake initial field studies. Results will be disseminated through presentations and case reports. One journal article will be developed. ***