Longitudinal Study of Social Referencing

小行星9410573 摘要 过去的研究表明，婴儿可能会参考照顾者和其他重要人物的情绪和工具性行为，并受到他们的行为的影响。将在两项重叠的短期纵向研究中审查这种社会参照现象，这些研究将跟踪婴儿期最初建立期间（第1组）和随后在幼儿期后期的发展期间（第2组）社会参照的个人发展; 这些研究在12个月和18个月评估时重叠。 每项研究包括四次观察，在每次观察中，每个亲子二元体都暴露于至少三种不同的刺激事件，这些刺激事件允许社会参考发生。 这种设计允许在发育的单个点检查个体在刺激事件中的行为一致性和在发育过程中的行为稳定性。 为了将社会参考的发展与其他相关的发展里程碑联系起来，我们获得了身体发展、沟通发展和社会发展的措施，并检查了与社会参考的联系。 当人们面对不确定的情况时，他们不知道该怎么办，他们会受到其他人对这种情况的解释的影响。 最近的研究提供了证据，即使是年幼的婴儿，当面临不确定性时，也会参与他人的社会参考。 当婴儿遇到似乎具有潜在威胁的情况时，他们通常会在决定如何表现之前检查父母的情绪反应。 利用他人的情感表达来理解模棱两可的情况的过程被称为社会参照。这种解释新的或神秘的事件并弄清楚如何应对它们的重要策略是一个重要的过程，通过这个过程，儿童和成人以社会一致接受的方式进行社会化。该项目的重点是婴儿社会参照的早期发展。 两个重叠的短期纵向研究将遵循社会参考的个人发展期间的初始建立在婴儿期和随后的发展在幼儿期。 研究设计允许检查个体在发展中的单一点上跨刺激事件的社会参照行为的一致性和跨发展的行为稳定性。 为了将社会参考的发展与其他相关的发展里程碑联系起来，将研究其与身体发展，沟通发展和社会发展的关系。这项研究将提供有关社会影响的一个重要过程的早期发展的信息，通过这个过程，幼儿被社会化，以适应他们环境中的行为和影响。 ***

9410573 Walden ABSTRACT Past research has revealed that infants are likely to reference the emotional and instrumental behavior of caregivers and other significant persons and to be influenced by their behavior. This phenomenon of social referencing will be examined in two overlapping short-term longitudinal studies which will follow the individual development of social referencing during the period of initial establishment during infancy (cohort 1) and during the subsequent development later in the toddler period (cohort 2); the studies overlap at the 12- and 18-month assessments. Each study includes four occasions of observation and at each occasion, each parent-child dyad is exposed to at least three different stimulus events that permit social referencing to occur. This design allows for examination of individual consistency in behavior across stimulus events at a single point in development and stability in behavior across development. In order to link the development of social referencing to other related developmental milestones, measures of physical development, communication development, and social development are obtained and links with social referencing are examined. People who are faced with situations of uncertainty, in which they don't know what to do, are influenced by other persons' interpretations of the situation. Recent research has provided evidence that even young infants, when confronted with uncertainty, engage in social referencing of others. When infants encounter situations that seem potentially threatening, they often check their parents' emotional reactions before deciding how to behave. The process of using the emotional expressions of other people to make sense of ambiguous situations is called social referencing. This important strategy for interpreting new or mystifying events and figuring out how to respond to them is an important process by which children and adults are socialized int o thinking and feeling in ways that are consensually accepted in a society. This project focuses on the very early development of social referencing in infants. Two overlapping short-term longitudinal studies will follow the individual development of social referencing during the period of initial establishment during infancy and during the subsequent development later in the toddler period. The research design allows for examination of individual consistency in social referencing behavior across stimulus events at a single point in development and stability in behavior across development. In order to link the development of social referencing to other related developmental milestones, its associations with physical development, communication development, and social development will be examined. This study will provide information about the early development of one important process of social influence by which young children are socialized to adopt the behavior and the affect of those in their environment. ***