Indirect Effects on the Performance of Telecommunications Systems at Northridge Earthquake

9416164 Wong对北岭地震造成的电信资产损失的调查证实：（a）自1971年以来实施的保护设备免受直接地面震动影响的对策（主要是横向支撑）是有效的，以及（B）因此，系统完整性现在取决于间接影响。确定的主要间接影响是，对于内部工厂，附带建筑物损坏和对支持生命线的依赖;对于外部工厂，它们是由于搭配而对其他生命线的附带损害。在这项研究中，将对1994年北岭地震和1971年圣费尔南多地震的电信性能数据进行评估，并用于：（1）评估减灾程序的有效性（例如，（2）查明电信系统中自1971年以来没有改变的脆弱性;（3）量化这种脆弱性的来源，重点是间接影响，如附带危险、对外部工厂和支持生命线的损害;以及（4）根据间接影响相关中断对电信经济/恢复需求的影响，确定数据/研究需求的优先级。这项研究利用最近开发的计算机模拟工具，结合地理信息系统技术与国家的最先进的地震风险模型，并明确量化的生命线相互作用对地震安全的电信系统的影响。这项研究将有助于提高电信系统的安全性，使运营商、公众、政府、私营企业、应急响应和灾难恢复受益。这是一个北岭地震项目。***

9416164 Wong Reconnaissance of damage to telecommunications assets caused by the Northridge earthquake confirmed that: (a) Countermeasures (primarily lateral bracing)implemented since 1971 to protect equipment against direct ground shaking effects were effective, and (b) As a result, system integrity now depended on indirect effects. The major indirect effects identified were, for inside plants, collateral building damage and dependency on support lifelines; for outside plants, they were collateral damage to other lifelines by virtue of collocation. In this study, telecommunications performance data from the 1994 Northridge and the 1971 San Fernando earthquakes will be evaluated and used to: (1) Assess the effectiveness of mitigation procedures (e.g., equipment bracing) introduced between 1971- 1994; (2) Identify vulnerabilities in telecommunications systems that remain unchanged since 1971; (3) Quantify sources of such vulnerabilities, with emphasis on indirect effects such as collateral hazards, damage to outside plants and support lifelines; and (4) Prioritize data/research needs based on the impact of indirect-effects related disruptions on the economics/recovery needs of telecommunications. The study makes use of a recently developed computer simulation tool that combines geographic information system technology with state-of-the-art seismic risk models, and is designed expressly to quantify the effects of lifeline interaction on seismic security of telecommunications system. This research will contribute to improved security of telecommunications systems which benefits the carriers, the public, governments, private enterprises, emergency response, and disaster recovery. This is a Northridge Earthquake project. ***