World Systems and Alternative Models of Mesopotamian-Anatolian Interaction

在国家科学基金会的支持下，Gil Stein博士和他的合作者将在Hacinebi考古遗址进行一个季节的实地考察，并在第二年分析他们挖掘的材料。Hacinebi是3.3公顷。这座土丘位于安纳托利亚东南部幼发拉底河的主要过境点，俯瞰着从美索不达米亚到土耳其金牛座山脉的铜和木材来源的主要贸易路线。该遗址在公元前4000年有人居住，少量的后期覆盖层使其能够暴露出广泛的水平占领区域，并提供了定居组织和功能的代表性图片。1992年至1994年的调查已经确定，Hacinebi有两个主要的早期职业和人工制品分布在后来的一个建议可能美索不达米亚的“殖民”飞地在这个安纳托利亚解决的一个角落。在NSF的支持下，Stein博士将揭露Hacinebi的接触前水平，以重建美索不达米亚扩张之前该遗址的经济组织和社会复杂程度。上层的广泛水平曝光将允许比较接触前和接触组织，并在后者允许检查当地和移民群体之间的关系。 第一个美索不达米亚城邦采取了积极的商业扩张到邻近地区的战略，最近的研究已经找到了几个被解释为前哨的地点，建立这些地点是为了控制贸易路线，同时在世界上最早的殖民系统中提取原材料。虽然一些“殖民地”已经被挖掘出来，但实际上对这一制度的组织或其对地方政治发展的影响一无所知。许多考古学家和历史学家已经推测了这种相互作用可能采取的形式，并发展了一个世界系统模型，该模型假设中心集团对外围的统治。然而，几乎没有数据支持这样的公式，Stein博士建议替代模型实际上可能适用。通过在Hacinebi的这个关键接触时期提供当地政治和经济组织的详细数据，Stein博士将对这些模型进行第一次严格的考古测试，并将为我们理解古代近东社会复杂性的发展和传播中的区域间互动做出重大贡献。

With National Science Foundation support, Dr. Gil Stein and his collaborators will conduct one season of fieldwork at the archaeological site of Hacinebi and the following year will analyze the materials they have excavated. Hacinebi is a 3.3 ha. mound strategically located at the major Euphrates river crossing point in southeast Anatolia, overlooking the main trade route from Mesopotamia to the copper and lumber sources located in Turkey's Taurus mountains. The site was inhabited during the 4th millennium BC and the small amount of later overburden makes it possible to expose broad horizontal areas of occupation and provide a representative picture of settlement organization and functions. Excavations in 1992-4 have established that Hacinebi has two main early occupations and artifact distributions in the later one suggest a possible Mesopotamian `colonial` enclave in one corner of this Anatolian settlement. With NSF support, Dr. Stein will expose pre-contact levels at Hacinebi in order to reconstruct economic organization and the degree of social complexity at the site before Mesopotamian expansion. Broad horizontal exposures of the upper level will allow comparison of pre contact and contact organization and in the latter permit examination of the relationship between local and immigrant groups. The first Mesopotamian city states pursued a strategy of aggressive commercial expansion into neighboring areas and recent research has located several sites which have been interpreted as such outposts, established to control trade routes while extracting raw materials in what may be the world's earliest known colonial system. Although some `colonies` have been excavated, virtually nothing is known about either the organization of this system or its effects on the development of local polities. Many archaeologists and historians have speculated on what form such interactions may take and have developed a world systems model which postulates domination of the periphery by the central group. However little data exists to support such a formulation and Dr. Stein has suggested that alternate models may in fact apply. By providing detailed data on local political and economic organization during this critical contact period at Hacinebi, Dr. Stein will conduct the first rigorous archaeological test of such models and will contribute significantly to our understanding of inter-regional interaction in the development and spread of social complexity in the ancient Near East.