Women and Science: The Clash of Cultures

尽管做出了巨大努力，初衷良好，但增加科学界妇女人数的努力遇到了意想不到的困难。 为什么会失败？ 各种各样的文献对这一问题提供了初步的答案，但各种方法之间的概念和制度分歧使得很难将想法和发现汇集成一个一致的解释。 例如，历史研究审查了女科学家在与她们保持一定距离的机构中的生活;社会学研究揭示了妇女获得科学生产资料的有限机会;生命科学研究表明了科学如何研究妇女;女权主义科学理论审查了性别如何塑造科学和科学教育;自然科学家们自己也展示了性别分析如何产生新的研究见解。 到目前为止，这些丰富而有启发性的研究领域还没有被吸引到一起进行相互对话。 这个项目的中心目的是在一本书的框架内开发这样一个对话，并说明研究领域的基础问题如何相互作用。

Efforts to increase the number of women in science have met unexpected difficulties, despite great efforts and good intentions. Why this failure? A varied array of literatures has offered tentative answers to this question, but conceptual and institutional rifts between approaches have made it difficult to assemble ideas and findings into a consistent explanation. For example, historical studies have examined the lives of women scientists within the contexts of institutions that have held them at arm's length; sociological studies have uncovered women's limited access to the means of scientific production; research in the life sciences has shown how science has studied women; feminist theories of science have examined how gender shapes science and science education; and natural scientists themselves have shown how gender analysis has yielded new research insights. To date these rich and suggestive fields of study have not been drawn together into dialog with one another. The central purpose of this project is to develop such a dialog, within the framework of a book, and to illustrate how foundational questions from the areas of study interact with one another.