Indian Ocean Experiment

题目：印度洋实验（INDOEX）印度洋实验（INDOEX）是一项由法国、德国、印度、荷兰和美国参与的国际性野外实验。美国部分的主要工作侧重于评估硫酸盐和其他大陆气溶胶在全球辐射强迫中的作用，并得到能源部和国家科学基金会的联合支持。此外，来自其他联邦机构和其他国际伙伴的科学家将进行涉及各种相关化学和辐射过程调查的补充研究。复合观测系统包括广泛的平台，从船舶到飞机，以及地面和气球测量系统，以及卫星数据。三年工作的主要部分将是1999年1月开始的为期四个月的实地密集阶段。该项目的最终目标是更好地了解年代际和更长时间尺度的气候强迫。东北冬季季风季节的赤道印度洋为这项实验提供了一个独特的天然实验室。实验区可能是世界上唯一一个被来自北半球的大陆气溶胶、人为痕量物质及其反应产物（如硫酸盐和臭氧）的强烈来源所改变的气团在热带辐合带与经由赤道季风气流输送的南半球原始空气接触的地方。把这两种截然不同的气团放在一起，可以对气溶胶对大气辐射特性的直接和间接影响进行全面的考察。C4的主要职责*男性站点，包括部署辐射测量、化学和气溶胶仪器和数据收集（参见INDOEX提案，第29页，42-44页；以及INDOEX：弹性和精简的实施计划，第4页）*开发CIDS，整合数据集（INDOEX，第23页；弹性和精简，第3页），包括来自美国、欧洲和印度平台的数据集。*国际项目办公室（INDOEX，第59页）的总部机构C4主要职责人员：上述职责将由以下人员执行：a .不通过INDOEX拨款提案要求对以下人员提供直接支持，他们所花费的时间将作为本项目的资源：* V. Ramanathan：首席科学家，国际指导委员会主席，协调美国在印度船上的项目。* H。阮：协调C4和欧洲项目，以及pe-INDOEX巡航。协调马累工厂的行政相关事宜。* Jurgen Lobert：男性站点科学家，协调与站点相关的科学问题。B.要求为以下人员提供直接支持：* TBN项目主任，向V. Ramanathan报告，协调项目办公室、国际指导委员会和美国指导委员会之间的所有科学互动。

Abstract ATM-9612887 Ramanathan, V. University of California, San Diego Title: Indian Ocean Experiment (INDOEX) The Indian Ocean Experiment (INDOEX) is an international field experiment with participation from France, Germany, India, the Netherlands, and the United States. The main effort under the U.S. component focuses on assessing the role of sulfates and other continental aerosols in global radiative forcing and is being supported jointly by the Department of Energy and the National Science Foundation. In addition, complementary studies involving investigations of a variety of related chemical and radiative processes will be undertaken by scientists from other federal agencies and other international partners. The composite observing system consists of a wide range of platforms, from ships to aircraft, as well as surface-based and balloon measuring systems, and satellite data. The main part of the three year effort will be four-month intensive field phase which begins January 1999. The ultimate goal of this program is to obtain a better understanding of the decadal and longer time scale climate forcing. The equatorial Indian Ocean during the northeast winter monsoon season provides a unique natural laboratory for this experiment. The experimental area is probably the only place in the world where an air mass which has been modified by intense sources of continental aerosols, anthropogenic trace species,a nd their reaction products (e.g., sulfates and ozone) from the northern hemisphere comes into contact with the pristine air of the southern hemisphere, which has been transported via cross equatorial monsoonal flow, at the Intertropical Convergence Zone. The juxtaposition of these two very distinct air masses will allow a through examination of both the direct and indirect effects of the aerosols on the radiative properties of the atmosphere. C4's Principle Responsibilities * Male site, including deployment of radiometric, chemical and aerosol i nstruments and data collection (Refer to the proposals INDOEX, pp 29, 42-44; and, INDOEX: Resilient and Streamlined Implementation Plan, p. 4) * Developing CIDS, integrate data sets (INDOEX, p. 23; Resilient & Streamlined, p.3) including those from US, European and Indian platforms. * Home institution for the International Project Office (INDOEX, p. 59) C4 Personnel with Principal Responsibility: The above responsibilities are to be carried out by the following personnel: A. Direct support for the following personnel are not being requested via the INDOEX grant proposal, their time spent will be as a resource to this project: * V. Ramanathan: Chief scientist, chairs International Steering Committee, coordinates US programs on Indian ships. *H. Nguyen: coordinates C4 and European programs, and the pe-INDOEX Cruises. Coordinates administrative-related issues of the Male site. * Jurgen Lobert: Male site scientist, coordinates the scientific issues related to the site. B. Direct support for the following personnel is being requested: * Project Director, TBN, who will report to V. Ramanathan, coordinates all scientific interactions between the Project Office, the International Steering Committee, and the US Steering Committee.