Emerging Topics in Biogeochemical Cycles (ETBC): Cheju Atmospheric Brown Cloud (ABC) Plume-Monsoon Experiment [CAPMEX] during the Summer Olympics of 2008

这项研究由两部分组成：(A)大气棕色云及其对气候、水循环和碳循环的影响的基础研究；(B)新的环境测量技术。(A)首席调查员(PI)、他们的学生和博士后将研究大气棕色云(ABC)如何减少到达东亚附近西太平洋的光合作用有效辐射(PAR)和宽带太阳辐射。此外，他们还将记录黑碳的长距离输送；碳化合物对云的影响；生物和人为气溶胶对云凝结核(CCN)的作用；以及尝试使用纳米传感器测量挥发性有机化合物(VOCs)。它还将首次观测东亚黑碳与尘埃和其他污染物混合如何增加海洋上空低层大气的太阳加热；以及首次使用陀螺稳定平台测量太阳辐射通量。这些都是该区域生物地球化学循环的重要组成部分。这项研究包括三个部分：(A)建立气溶胶-云-动力学-辐射强迫的综合观测数据集。这将包括无人飞行器数据、中国、日本和韩国的地面观测站(通过与东亚科学家的合作)和卫星数据；(B)估计云和气溶胶辐射强迫的三维结构；(C)开发一个气溶胶-云-化学-传输-辐射模式，说明观测到的场和强迫。(B)济州ABC羽流-季风实验(CAPMEX)的另一个主要推动力是，它将带来包括微电子机械系统(MEMS)和纳米技术在内的仪器技术的最新发展，并进一步推动自主(通过自动无人驾驶飞行器)观测空气污染及其对区域环境和气候的影响的时代，从而推动机器人观测的新技术。这场运动的时机利用了2008年奥运会期间北京排放量减少的机会。CAPMEX将通过将地面和高海拔测量与NOAA和NASA的现场观测和卫星观测相结合，特别是记录来自东亚的顺风向影响，来观测所谓的(北京污染)“大关闭”之前、期间和之后的污染水平。更广泛的影响：CAPMEX分析的观测将用于验证全球气候模型对气溶胶和云对气候影响的处理。它们还将用于开发和约束气溶胶-云-化学-传输-辐射模型。强迫估计和气候影响研究将用于国家和国际人类对气候影响的评估。与东亚科学家的合作将对获得亚洲地区的可靠数据具有重要价值，参与该项目的学生和博士后将有机会接触到一种具有挑战性的新研究途径，并参与国际合作。最后，它将为未来机器人(无人)大气观测的发展奠定基础。

The research consists of two components: (A) basic research into atmospheric brown clouds (ABCs) and their influence on climate, the water cycle and the carbon cycle; and (B) new environmental measurement technologies. It is co-supported by NSF's Geosciences and Engineering Directorates.(A) The Principal Investigators (PIs), their students and post-docs will investigate how atmospheric brown clouds (ABCs) reduce photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) and broad band solar radiation reaching the western Pacific Ocean off of East Asia. In addition, they will document the long range transport of black carbon; the impact of ABCs on clouds; the role of biogenic and anthropogenic aerosols on cloud condensation nuclei (CCN); and attempt measurements of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) using nanosensors. It will also make first time observations of how East Asian black carbon mixed with dust and other pollutants increases the solar heating of the low level atmosphere over the ocean; and first time measurements of solar radiation fluxes using gyro-stabilized platforms. These are all important components of the biogeochemical cycles of the region. The research consists of three parts: (a) creating an integrated observational data set of aerosol-cloud-dynamics-radiative forcing. This will include Unmanned Air Vehicles (UAV) data, surface observatories in China, Japan and Korea (thru collaborations with E Asian scientists); and satellite data; (b) estimating the 3-D structure of the radiative forcing of clouds and aerosols; and (c) developing an aerosol-cloud-chemical- transport-radiation model that accounts for the observed fields and forcing. (B) A parallel major thrust of Cheju ABC Plume-Monsoon Experiment (CAPMEX) is that it will bring the latest development in instrument technology including Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems (MEMS) and nanotechnology and further stimulate an era of autonomous (through Autonomous Unmanned Air Vehicles (AUAV) observations of air pollution and its impact on regional environment and climate, thus advancing new techniques for robotic observations. The timing of the campaign takes advantage of the reduction in emissions from Beijing during the 2008 Olympics. CAPMEX will observe pollution levels before, during and after the so-called "great shutdown" (of Beijing pollution) by integrating ground-level and high-elevation measurements with NOAA and NASA's in-situ and satellite observations, documenting the effects particularly downwind from East Asia. Broader Impact: The CAPMEX analyzed observations will be used for validating global climate models' treatment of aerosol and cloud impacts on climate. They will also be used for developing and constraining an aerosol-cloud-chemical-transport-radiation model. The forcing estimates and climate impact studies will be used in national and international assessments of human impacts on climate. The collaborations with East Asian scientists will be of great value for obtaining reliable data for the Asian region, and the students and post docs involved in the project will have an opportunity to get exposed to a challenging new avenue of research and participate in international collaborations. Finally, it will set the stage for future evolution of robotics (unmanned) observations of the atmosphere.