Aggregative and Deliberative Contexts for Valuation: A Philosophical Contribution to Experimental Research in Environmental Decision Making

社会经济学研究花了相当大的精力来衡量个人对市场未能定价的环境商品和服务的重视程度。这项研究的目的是引出个人的“既定”或先前的偏好，并利用这些数据来指导有关最大化个人和社会福祉的政策。最近关于民主和协商进程的哲学研究为这一方法提供了补充。从这个角度来看，个人不是简单地作为先前偏好的持有者，而是加入到一个构建公共价值观的社会过程中。经济学家、社会学家和其他社会科学家现在正在开发新的研究方法，以确定环境产品的估值可以在多大程度上受益于随心所欲、信息丰富和深思熟虑的实验方法。该项目旨在通过将这些实验方法与强调社会学习、交流和认同过程的政治理论和哲学相联系，来塑造和提供社会经济研究中的这些实验方法。研究人员还建议分析从群体讨论、审议和考虑证据中产生的数据的政策相关性--这些数据可能反映了个人对自己的幸福而不是对整个社区的目标做出的判断。

Socioeconomic research has devoted considerable effort to measuring the value individuals attach to environmental goods and services that markets fail to price. The goal of this research has been to elicit the `given` or prior preferences of individuals and to use those data to guide policy concerned with maximizing individual and social well-being. A complement to this approach has emerged from recent philosophical research on democracy and deliberative processes. From this perspective, the individual, rather than serving simply as a bearer of prior preferences, joins in a social process in which public values are constructed. Economists, sociologists, and other social scientists are now developing new research approaches to determine the extent to which the valuation of environmental goods can benefit from discursive, information-rich, and deliberative experimental methods. The project intends to shape and inform these experimental methods in socioeconomic research by relating them to work in political theory and philo sophy that emphasizes processes of social learning, exchange, and identification. The investigators also propose to analyze the policy relevance of data that emerge from group discourse, deliberation, and consideration of evidence - - data which may reflect judgments individuals make not about their own well -being but about the objectives of the community as a whole.