Development of a 3-D Sea Ice Model for Climate Applications

这项研究要解决的基本科学问题是：“不同的物理过程如何影响海冰对热流扰动的反应？”将开发一种用于气候应用的新的三维海冰模型。这项研究的动机是一维热力学模型和二维动力学/热力学模型(两者在气候模拟中都被广泛使用)对表面热通量扰动(如二氧化碳倍增)的响应之间的巨大差异。关于海冰中发生的重要物理过程的不确定性仍然存在，需要进一步的观测数据(以及对现有数据的分析)。然而，对单个物理过程的了解已经足够多，通过将目前L-D和二维模式中包括的不同物理过程的最新理解综合到三维动力/热力学海冰模式中，可以在海冰模拟方面取得重大进展。在这方面，调查员研究小组最近开发的单胞热力学/动力海冰模型的成功是非常令人鼓舞的。在以往和正在进行的研究活动的基础上，将开发用于气候模型的海冰模型如下：a)改进单元格热力学/动力海冰模型，并对照现场和卫星观测对其进行测试；b)利用单元格模型进行敏感性研究，以评估为提高计算效率可进行的简化；c)将单元格研究中被认为必要的过程纳入三维动力/热力学海冰模型；D)评估是否可以进一步简化3-D模型以提高计算效率e)进行全流域模拟以评估模型的性能，并将其与观测值进行比较，并评估模型对热通量和动量扰动的敏感性。这项工作的成果将是一个全面的、模块化的、有充分记录的和公开可用的3-D海冰模型，它可以作为参与极地应用的各种研究人员的工具，并可以为区域和气候系统模型提供改进的海冰组成部分。

The fundamental scientific question to be addressed by this research is: "How do different physical processes influence the response of sea ice to a heat flux perturbation?" A new 3-D sea ice model for climate applications will be developed. This research is motivated by large discrepancies between the response of the 1-D thermodynamic and 2-D dynamic/thermodynamia models (both widely used in climate simulations) to a surface heat flux perturbation such as would arise from a CO2doubling. Uncertainties regarding important physical processes occurring in sea ice still remain, and further observational data (and analyses of existing data) are required. However, there is a sufficient amount known about the individual physical processes and significant progress can be made in sea ice modeling by synthesizing state-of-the-art understanding of the different physical processes currently included in l-D and 2-D models into a 3-D dynamic/thermodynamic sea ice model. The success of a single-cell thermodynamic/dynamic sea ice model that was developed recently by the investigator's research group is very encouraging in this regard. Building upon previous and ongoing research activities, sea ice modeling for applications in climate models will be developed as follows; a) improve a single-cell thermodynamic/dynamic sea ice model and test it against field and satellite observations b) conduct sensitivity studies using the single-cell model to assess simplifications that can be made to improve computational efficiency c) incorporate the processes deemed necessary in the single-cell studies into a 3-D dynamic/thermodynamic sea ice model; d) assess if further simplifications of the 3-D model can be made to improve computational efficiency e) conduct basin-wide simulations to assess model performance be comparing with observations and to assess model sensitivity to heat flux and momentum perturbations. A product of this work will be a comprehensive, modular, well-documented, and publi clyavailable 3-D sea ice model that can serve as a tool for a variety of researchers involved in polar applications, and that could provide an improved sea ice component for regional and climate system models.