Mechanisms of Olfactory Foraging by Antarctic Procellariiform Seabirds

9615061奈维特远洋生态系统研究计划利用框架科学分析南大洋海洋生态系统的运作。该方案的目标包括与制定作为南极海生委一部分的海洋资源管理和开发战略以及气候变化对海洋生态系统的影响有关的问题。这项工作的地理重点是南乔治亚地区，但生态系统的开放性质意味着必须结合斯科舍海和更广泛的南大洋的运作来研究该系统。作为1995-2000年期间拟议的五年研究方案的一部分，远洋生态系统研究小组设计了一系列协调一致的研究游轮。除了针对生态系统动态的特定方面的巡航外，研究方案还包括每年重复进行的中尺度调查巡航，专门提供关于大规模、长期变异性的信息。重复调查将集中在三个方面。首先，它将基于莫里斯·尤因银行和鸟岛以西的威利斯群岛之间740公里的横断面，为该季节建立一个物理海洋学背景。这条样带横跨极地前锋地带(PFZ)，这是将南乔治亚研究置于更大背景下的一个关键区域。其次，它将研究横断面和南乔治亚州北海岸两个调查区的群落组成特征。最后，它将收集关于同一调查区磷虾种群结构、分布和丰度的信息。磷虾是在鸟岛研究的许多鸟类和海豹物种的主要食物成分，捕食者种群的年际变化在很大程度上与该岛周围磷虾供应的变化有关。磷虾也是一个主要商业渔业的重点，是南极海生委基于资源的生态系统分析的关键生物。

9615061 Nevitt The Pelagic Ecosystems Studies (PES) program utilizes Framework Science to analyze the operation of the Southern Ocean Marine Ecosystem. Objectives of the program include questions relating to the development of strategies for the management and exploitation of marine resources as part of CCAMLR, and the effect of Climate Change upon the marine ecosystem. The geographical focus for the work is the South Georgia area but the open nature of the ecosystem means that the system must be studied in the context of the operation of the Scotia Sea and the wider Southern Ocean. As part of the proposed five-year research program for the period 1995-2000, the Pelagic Ecosystem Studies Group have designed a coordinated series of research cruises. In addition to those cruises targeted on specific aspects of ecosystem dynamics, the study program includes a yearly repeat mesoscale survey cruise designed specifically to provide information on large-scale, long-term, variability. The repeat survey will focus on three aspects. First, it will establish a physical oceanographic context for the season based on a 740 km transect between the Maurice Ewing Bank and the Willis Islands, to the west of Bird Island. This transect crosses the Polar Frontal Zone (PFZ) which is a key area for setting the South Georgia studies in a larger context. Second, it will examine features of community composition both along the transect and in two survey areas along the north coast of South Georgia. Finally, it will collect information on the population structure, distribution and abundance of krill in the same survey areas. Krill is the dominant dietary component for many of the bird and seal species studied at Bird Island, and interannual variation in predator populations is largely related to changes in krill availability around the island. Krill is also the focus of a major commercial fishery and is the key organism in the CCAMLR resource based analyses of the ecosystem.