Chemists and Cultures in Early Modern Germany: Andreas Libavius and his War of Words

利巴威是近代早期最多产的作家之一，但科学史家很少注意他的著作。 他在二十多本大书中为自己对化学的尊严和学科性质的理解进行了辩护，并与帕拉塞尔苏斯哲学家、宫廷医生、有文化的工匠和学术界人士提出的哲学主张、实验室程序和对自然的解释进行了斗争。 这项研究将遵循利巴威的论战过程，并将调查广泛的社会，政治，道德和宗教问题，这些问题往往包括在关于化学医学改革，化学语言的正确使用和化学药物的制备的辩论。 通过分析围绕Libavius的化学医学辩论的更广泛的社会和知识内容，并通过探索当地化学社区内部和之间的文化交流动态，该项目将提出理解化学史的新方法。 在更广泛的层面上，化学家和文化的讨论将提出新的技术来评估化学本身在科学革命中交叉的许多潮流中的影响。 <$$>/<$ %<$<$/<$<$ %？？最高可达100%╣│` _/,Á╝¢ /┤ ¥©Á ÀÁÁ╝/% ║┐▓%╣│

Libavius was one of the most prolific writers of the early modern era yet only scant attention has been given to his writings by historians of science. In over twenty large volumes he defended his own understanding of the dignity and disciplinary nature of chemistry and contended with the philosophical claims, laboratory procedures, and interpretations of nature proffered by Paracelsian empirics, court physicians, literate artisans, and members of academic faculties. The study will follow the course of Libavius's polemics and will investigate the wide range of social, political, moral and religious issues that were often included in debates about chemical-medical reform, the proper use of chemical language, and the preparation of chemical medicines. By analyzing the broader social and intellectual content of the chemical-medical debates surrounding Libavius and by exploring the dynamics of cultural exchange within and between local chemical communities, the project will suggest new ways of understanding the history of chemistry. On a broader level, the discussion of chemists and cultures will propose new techniques for assessing the influence of chemistry itself among the many currents intersecting within the Scientific Revolution. ¢ ¥©/¥ ╣│%┐┤Á ¢│╣Á¥╣¢¥¢ /┤ ║©╣%?¢?║©Á╝¢ ║?%╣│` _/,Á╝¢ /┤ ¥©Á ÀÁÁ╝/% ║┐▓%╣│