The Dynamic Development of Post-Insular Native American English Varieties

对美洲原住民英语变体的研究表明，这些变体可能结合了来自祖先美洲原住民语言的联合收割机源语言迁移，广义的适应性中介语过程，甚至是更广泛的泛美洲原住民英语变体的元素。虽然对美洲土著英语变体的社会语言学调查的有限传统现在已经发展起来，但这些变体的一些基本维度仍然在很大程度上被忽视。奇怪的是，关于美洲土著英语变体的研究中最关键但被忽视的领域之一是这些变体在多大程度上可能会或可能不会采用当地方言规范。这种语言适应往往是同化的一个重要指标，并可能以微妙但重要的方式表明这些群体如何在社会语言和文化上自我融合。此外，调查的类型之间存在的方言品种，特别是在三个民族的背景下，社会语言学的边界，是至关重要的，在解决核心问题的动态性质的民族语言学的边界在美国英语品种。本研究探讨语言的变化和变异的英语后岛屿的三个土著社区在农村北卡罗来纳州。北卡罗来纳州的Lumbee、Haliwa Saponi和切罗基美洲原住民社区在以下方面代表了有益的对比：（1）他们作为美洲原住民社区的公认地位;（2）他们与周围社区的历史隔离;（3）他们过去和现在的语言接触情况。因此，这些情况提供了一个独特的实验室，比较族群如何配置其社会语言的身份在时间和空间。广泛的跨代社会语言学的采访正在进行的每个研究地点，无论是与当地的美洲原住民和队列扬声器从相应的接触品种。 定性描述和定量变异分析 模型被应用于新兴的数据，语言变化的客观分析是通过分析从主观说话人识别任务中获得的数据来补充的。比较分析包括区域内和区域间的层面，以确定社会语言学边界的动态性质。此外，在各种语音情况下收集的数据将用于检查语内变异。本研究试图从实证的角度来解释语言接触中的语言顺应、变异和变化的原理和机制

Studies of Native American varieties of English indicate that these varieties may combine source language transfer from ancestral Native American languages, generalized adaptive interlanguage processes, and even the elements of a more expansive, pan Native American English variety. Although a limited tradition of sociolinguistic inquiry into Native American English varieties has now developed, some essential dimensions of these varieties remain largely ignored. Curiously, one of the most critical but neglected areas of study with respect to Native American varieties of English is the extent to which these varieties may or may not adopt local dialect norms. Such linguistic accommodation is often an important index of assimilation and may indicate in subtle but essential ways how such groups situate themselves sociolinguistically and culturally. Furthermore, the investigation of the types of sociolinguistic boundaries that exist between vernacular varieties, particularly in tri-ethnic contexts, is critical in addressing central issues concerning the dynamic nature of ethnolinguistic boundaries in American English varieties. This research examines language change and variation in the English of three post-insular Native American communities in rural North Carolina. The Lumbee, Haliwa Saponi, and Cherokee Native American communities of North Carolina represent instructive contrasts in terms of (1) their recognized status as Native Americans communities, (2) their historic isolation from surrounding communities, and (3) their past and present language contact situations. These situations thus offer a unique laboratory for comparing how ethnic groups configure their sociolinguistic identity over time and space. Extensive cross-generational sociolinguistic interviews are being conducted in each research site, both with local Native Americans and with cohort speakers from corresponding contact varieties. Qualitative-descriptive and quantitative-variationist analytical models are applied to the emerging data, and the objective analysis of language variation is complemented by the analysis of data obtained from subjective speaker identification tasks. The comparative analysis includes both intra- and inter-regional dimensions in order to determine the dynamic nature of sociolinguistic boundaries. In addition, data gathered in a variety of speech situations will be utilized in the examination of intraspeaker variation. The research seeks to explicate on an empirical basis the principles and mechanisms that account for language adaptation, variation and change found in language contact situations