Observation and Analysis of the Structure of Tornadoes by Means of High Resolution Data from Mobile Doppler Radars and Photogrammetry

在1994年和1995年的春天，在美国中部举行了龙卷风旋转起源的验证实验（VORTEX）。涡旋的目标是进一步了解龙卷风的形成、龙卷风动力学、风暴环境关系以及强龙卷风风暴的数值预报。数据是从各种传感器收集的，包括飞机、地面地面观测站和高空观测站以及雷达。这些传感器中有几个是固定的，但许多是移动的，因此科学家们能够拦截和跟踪大量的龙卷风风暴。在涡旋期间和1996年期间较小规模的数据收集工作期间，从一台3厘米移动多普勒雷达和录象机收集的数据将供首席研究员用于研究龙卷风涡旋的详细结构。雷达数据以前所未有的分辨率在距离2至12公里的范围内获得了8个不同的龙卷风。其中两组雷达数据是在约3公里范围内的非常大的龙卷风，分辨率为60 x 60 x 75米。其中一组数据是一个大型但相对温和的龙卷风，分辨率为30 x 30 x 75米。这些雷达数据集以及大量的视频和摄影镜头将用于记录详细的龙卷风结构和演变，这些结构和演变是由雷达反射率、多普勒风和摄影测量所描绘的。* * *

9616417 Wurman The Verification of the Origins of Rotation in Tornadoes Experiment (VORTEX) was held in the Central U.S. during Springs of 1994 and 1995. The objectives of VORTEX were to further our understanding of tornadogenesis, tornado dynamics, storm environment relationships, and numerical prediction of severe tornadic storms. Data was collected from a variety of sensors including aircraft, ground based surface stations and upper air sites, and radars. Several of these sensors were stationary, but many were mobile, thus the scientists were able to intercept and follow a large number of tornadic storms. Data collected from a mobile 3-cm Doppler radar and video during the VORTEX and during a smaller scale data collection effort during 1996 will be used by the Ppincipal Investigator to study the detailed structure of tornado vortices. The radar data were obtained with unprecedented resolution at distances ranging from 2 to 12 km for eight separate tornadoes. Two of the radar data sets were of very large tornadoes at a ranges of about 3 km with resolution volumes of 60 x 60 x 75 m. One of the data sets is of a large but relatively mild tornado at 30 x 30 x 75 m resolution. These radar data sets along with extensive video and photographic footage will be used to document detailed tornado structures and evolution as depicted from radar reflectivity, Doppler winds, and photogrammetry. ***