Fluxes of Dissolved Inorganic, Dissolved Organic and Particulate Carbon Associated with Water Masses of the Arctic Ocean Based on Samples from the 1996 U.S.N. Pargo Cruise

摘要最近，美国海军核潜艇Pargo在北极进行非军事科学探索，为采样最少的海洋盆地的海洋学开辟了一个新的维度。从第一次这样的巡航中获得的样本使我能够为北冰洋溶解无机碳（DIC）的三维分析添加重要的细节，北冰洋可能在世界海洋碳动态中发挥着比人们所认识到的更大的作用。根据1996年帕戈号科学巡航带回的样本，拟议的项目将进行额外的DIC测量，并增加新的和关键的溶解有机碳（DOC）和颗粒碳（PC）测量。这些测量将鉴定与加拿大、马卡罗夫、阿蒙森和南森盆地以及楚科奇地区陆架和上斜坡水域有关的无机和有机碳库，这些水域似乎是大量碳进入邻近水域上盐斜的地点。1996年Pargo游船的秋季是进行后一种测量的理想时间，因为它正好是生产季节的结束和陆架水开始冷却并下沉到邻近盆地的时候。碳库的空间变化将根据从Pargo和其他北极游轮收集的地球化学示踪剂数据（如氚和3He）进行分析，以估计与每个碳库相关的变化率。这样的速率对于了解北极在世界海洋和全球范围内碳循环中的作用至关重要。作为低层大气热量收支中重要的大气成分之一，二氧化碳已受到越来越多的关注，以评估影响其丰度的非人类诱发因素。北冰洋目前在这方面的特征还很差，但它是海洋碳循环动态中一个潜在的重要环节。一级问题包括与北极独特的水团相关的碳库的大小，水团形成速率，以及如果气候变化在该地区带来警告，这些冷库中可以预期的变化（如果有的话）。

Proposal No: OPP- 9622621 Principal Investigator: Sambrotto, Raymond ABSTRACT The recent use of the U.S. Navy's atomic submarine Pargo for non-military scientific exploration in the Arctic has opened a new dimension in the oceanography of the least-sampled ocean basin. Samples obtained from the first such cruise allowed me to add significant details to the 3-dimensional analysis of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) in the Arctic ocean, a region that may play a much greater role in the carbon dynamics of the world ocean than has been appreciated. Based on samples brought back from the 1996 science cruise of the Pargo, the proposed project will make additional measurements of DIC and add new and critical measurements of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and particulate carbon (PC). These measurements will qualify the inorganic and organic carbon pools associated with waters in the Canada, Makarov, Amundsen and Nansen basins as well as shelf and upper slope waters of the Chukchi region that appear to be the site of entry for a huge amount of carbon to the upper halocline of adjacent waters. The fall timing of the 1996 Pargo cruise is ideal for the latter measurements because it coincides with the end of the productive season and the beginning of the cooling and sinking of shelf waters into adjacent basins. Spatial changes in the carbon pools will be analyzed with respect to geochemical tracer data such as tritium and 3He collected from the Pargo and other Arctic cruises to estimate the rates of change associated with each pool. Such rates are critical for understanding the Arctic's role in the carbon cycle at the world ocean and global scale. As one of the atmospheric constituents that is prominent in the heat budget of the lower atmosphere, carbon dioxide has received increasing scrutiny to assess the non-human induced factors that influence its abundance. The Arctic Ocean is currently poorly characterized in this respect but is a potentially important link in the dyn amics of the ocean's carbon cycle. First order questions include the size of the carbon reservoirs associated with the unique water masses of the Arctic, the water mass formation rates, and the changes, if any, that can be expected in these cold reservoirs if climate change brings about a warning in this region.