Ableitung der thermischen und kompositionellen Struktur der Oberfläche und der unteren Atmosphäre der Venus auf der Basis der Ergebnisse des VIRTIS-Instruments der Venus Express-Mission

金星是距离地球最近的行星，无论是在距离上还是在物理性质上，在比较行星学的背景下探索金星是理解太阳系形成，行星演化，地质学和气候变化的关键方面的重要关键。金星近红外大气窗的发现为详细研究行星表面和低层大气提供了新的机会。欧洲金星快车使命（VEX）上的可见光和红外热成像光谱仪（VIRTIS）是第一个长期连续记录金星夜面热辐射的实验。因此，第一次，一个全球性的和系统的调查金星的表面和低层大气现在已经成为可能。拟议的工作重点是分离大气和表面辐射的贡献，在测量的VIRTIS信号，推导出表面温度，土壤发射率和低层大气中的气体丰度在大的空间尺度。这一目标将通过应用新的辐射传输模型来实现，这些模型迄今为止还没有。他们将消除压力诱导和远线翼二氧化碳反射以及密集云层的多重散射对夜侧窗户的遮蔽。这在辐射传输理论领域开辟了一条新的研究路线。绝对校准VIRTIS数据集，其中包括各种表面海拔地区的提取和评价，将提供高质量的大气和金星表面参数的检索。这将通过为大气窗口的多光谱使用开发特殊算法来完成，研究结果有望为金星低层大气的物理和化学、其与行星表面的相互作用以及土壤的热特性和成分特性提供新的见解。还将收集有关云的组成和环流的新信息。

The exploration of Venus, the closest planet to the Earth, both in terms of distance and in terms of its physical character, in the context of comparative planetology is an important key to understanding the crucial aspects of solar system formation, planetary evolution, geology, and climate change. The discovery of the near-infrared atmospheric windows on the nightside of Venus has opened a new opportunity for detailed studies of the planetary surface and lower atmosphere. The Visible and Infrared Thermal Imaging Spectrometer (VIRTIS) aboard the European Venus Express mission (VEX) is the first experiment that continuously records the nightside thermal emission from the planet over a long period of time. Thus, for the first time, a global and systematic investigation of Venus’ surface and lower atmosphere has now become possible.The proposed work focuses on separating atmospheric and surface radiance contributions in the measured VIRTIS signals to derive surface temperatures, soil emissivities and lower atmospheric gas abundances in large spatial scales. This objective will be achieved by applying new radiative transfer models, which have not been available up to now. They are going to eliminate the masking of the nightside windows by pressure-induced and far line-wing absorptions of carbon dioxide as well as multiple scattering by the dense cloud deck. This opens a fresh line of research in the field of radiative transfer theory. The extraction and evaluation of absolute calibrated VIRTIS data sets, which cover areas of various surface elevations, will provide high-quality retrievals of atmospheric and surface parameters of Venus. It will be accomplished by the development of special algorithms for a multi-spectral use of atmospheric windows.The research results are expected to open new insights into the physics and chemistry of the Venus’ lower atmosphere, its interaction with the planetary surface and the thermal and compositional characteristics of the soil. New information about cloud composition and circulation will be gathered as well.