Interaction of Convective Elements and Entrainment with Mesoscale Cloud Bands in the Lake-Induced Convective Boundary Layer

驱动大气环流的大部分能量是通过与地面的热量、水分和动量交换获得的。五大湖上空的冷气团迅速改变的湖泊效应事件是研究这些交换的极好自然实验室。湖泊诱导对流实验（Lake- ice）是一个由多名主要研究者组成的项目，旨在利用这个自然实验室来确定中尺度边界层对流结构如何控制边界层的生长过程，以及改变的边界层如何影响降水的产生和更大尺度的气象条件。由于强烈的非线性多尺度相互作用，湖泊诱发现象的研究需要高度协作的团队努力，利用多个研究人员的技能和一系列仪器和平台的能力。在Lake-ICE更广泛的框架内，根据该奖项进行的研究将侧重于两个科学目标：1。确定单个千米尺度对流要素（即三维热羽流）与它们所在的二维中尺度湖效应云带之间双向相互作用的性质、原因和后果。2. 确定这些相互作用在多大程度上导致中尺度调制（即横摇变化）的速度，即空气被带入覆盖湖泊诱导对流边界层的逆温区。＊＊＊

9629567 Young Much of the energy that drives atmospheric circulations is obtained through exchanges of heat, moisture, and momentum with the surface. Lake-effect events, where cold air masses are rapidly modified over the Great Lakes, are excellent natural laboratories for studying these exchanges. The Lake- Induced Convection Experiment (Lake-ICE) is a multiple- Principal Investigator project which seeks to use this natural laboratory to determine how boundary layer growth processes are controlled by mesoscale boundary layer convective structures and how the modified boundary layer effects the production of precipitation and the larger scale meteorological conditions. Because of strongly nonlinear multi-scale interactions, the study of lake-induced phenomena requires a highly collaborative team effort taking advantage of the skills of multiple investigators and the capabilities of a range of instruments and platforms. Within the broader framework of Lake-ICE the research to be performed under this award will focus on two scientific objectives: 1. To determine the nature, causes, and consequences of the two-way interaction between individual km-scale convective elements (i.e. three-dimensional thermal plumes) and the two- dimensional mesoscale lake-effect cloud bands in which they are embedded. 2. To ascertain the degree to which these interactions lead to a mesoscale modulation (i.e. cross-roll variation) in the rate at which air is entrained across the temperature inversion that caps the lake-induced convective boundary layer. ***